A novel bacterium Achromobacter xylosoxidans as a cause of liver abscess: Three case reports

Asano, Kouichi; Tada, Shuji; Matsumoto, Takayuki; Miyase, Shiho; Kamio, Takihiro; Sakurai, Kenichi; Iida, Mitsuo

doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2005.03.031

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, certain species, most notably xylosoxidans and denitrificans, can cause disease in certain patient populations, such as subjects with cystic fibrosis, hematologic and solid organ malignancies, renal failure, and immunodeficiencies (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). The most frequent clinical isolate is xylosoxidans, which can infect any number of organ systems, and is increasingly recognized as an important emerging nosocomial pathogen (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Recent comparative genomic sequencing by Li and colleagues (6) has shown that not all members of the genus share human virulence factors, and that there are distinct genetic sequences among certain members of the xylosoxidans species that impart the ability to both colonize the human respiratory tract, and subsequently evade host defenses (20).…”

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confidence: 99%

Achromobacter Respiratory Infections

Swenson

Sadikot²

2015

Annals ATS

106

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Achromobacteria are ubiquitous environmental organisms that may also become opportunistic pathogens in certain conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, hematologic and solid organ malignancies, renal failure, and certain immune deficiencies. Some members of this genus, such as xylosoxidans, cause primarily nosocomially acquired infections affecting multiple organ systems, including the respiratory tract, urinary tract, and, less commonly, the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. Despite an increasing number of published case reports and literature reviews suggesting a global increase in achromobacterial disease, most clinicians remain uncertain of the organism's significance when clinically isolated. Moreover, effective treatment can be challenging due to the organism's inherent and acquired multidrug resistance patterns. We reviewed all published cases to date of non-cystic fibrosis achromobacterial lung infections to better understand the organism's pathogenic potential and drug susceptibilities. We found that the majority of these cases were community acquired, typically presenting as pneumonias (88%), and were most frequent in individuals with hematologic and solid organ malignancies. Our findings also suggest that achromobacterial lung infections are difficult to treat, but respond well to extended-spectrum penicillins and cephalosporins, such as ticarcillin, piperacillin, and cefoperazone.

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confidence: 99%

Achromobacter Respiratory Infections

Swenson

Sadikot²

2015

Annals ATS

106

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“…One member of the genus, Achromobacter xylosoxidans has been found to be the causative agent in multiple cases of septicemia, mainly in immunocompromised individuals, and sometimes due to contaminated medical supplies [25–30]. Achromobacter is becoming a serious threat to the health of individuals with cystic fibrosis [31].…”

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confidence: 99%

Got black swimming dots in your cell culture? Identification of Achromobacter as a novel cell culture contaminant

Birmingham

Fenton

2010

Biologicals

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ARTICLE SUMMARYCell culture model systems are utilized for their ease of use, relative inexpensiveness, and potentially limitless sample size. Reliable results cannot be obtained, however, when cultures contain contamination. This report discusses the observation and identification of mobile black specks observed in multiple cell lines. Cultures of the contamination were grown, and DNA was purified from isolated colonies. The 16S rDNA gene was PCR amplified using primers that will amplify the gene from many genera, and then sequenced. Sequencing results matched the members of the genus Achromobacter, bacteria common in the environment. Achromobacter species have been shown to be resistant to multiple antibiotics. Attempts to decontaminate the eukaryotic cell culture used multiple antibiotics at different concentrations. The contaminating Achromobacter was eventually eliminated, without permanently harming the eukaryotic cells, using a combination of the antibiotics ciprofloxacin and piperacillin. Keywordsachromobacter; bacteria; cell culture; contamination INTRODUCTIONCell culture contamination is a universal challenge facing most researchers at one time or another in their career. An obvious consequence of contamination is loss of experiments, time, and money. Contamination can be difficult to identify, particularly with a transient workforce as often the case in research and, especially, academic, settings. However, if cell culture contamination remains unidentified, it can result in erroneous results not actually due to treatments but rather the cellular reaction to the contaminate itself.Researchers take multiple steps, including aseptic culture handling, filter sterilization, purchasing of liquid media and solutions, and inclusion of antibiotics in the growth media, to keep the cultures free of unwanted organisms. An additional complication arises when Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Several online science blogs discuss a cell culture contaminate that looks like black specks in the cell culture (http://www.cellculturechat.com/i.html/T3470/H3448.html; http://www.protocol-online.org/forums/index.php? s=bc4fecd655ee6898191ab6ed43f5a5a7&showtopic=9373&pid=30730&st=0&#entry30730 ). The researchers on these blogs describe black dots that fidget or swim and look more like rods than dots. Our laboratory has experienced sporadic cell culture contamination fitting this description. Here we report the identification of a bacterial cell culture contaminate, a member of the Achromobacter genus, matching anecdotal descriptions of cell culture contaminants of multip...

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“…Most infections are acquired during hospitalisation, with primary uncomplicated bacteremia, catheter-associated infections, and pneumonia being the common clinical presentations [3]. Other infections such as post-operative infections of the eye, meningitis, endocarditis and hepatobiliary infections are also reported [4][5][6][7]. We present two unique cases: in the first, Achromobacter xylosoxidans caused an infection leading to a pancreatic pseudocyst in an adult immunocompetant man.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Two unique presentations of Achromobacter xylosoxidans infections in clinical settings

Eshwara

Mukhopadhyay

Mohan

et al. 2010

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Two rare and unique infections of Achromobacter xylosoxidans are described. The first case is a novel presentation of acute necrotising pancreatitis leading to a pancreatic pseudocyst, which was treated successfully in an immunocompetent male. The second case describes a local wound infection of metastatic ductal carcinoma of the breast; the patient consequently succumbed from a pre-existing co-morbid condition. Vigilant and efficient microbiological workup and surveillance are needed to diagnose infections by this rare pathogen in clinical settings.

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A novel bacterium Achromobacter xylosoxidans as a cause of liver abscess: Three case reports

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Achromobacter Respiratory Infections

Achromobacter Respiratory Infections

Got black swimming dots in your cell culture? Identification of Achromobacter as a novel cell culture contaminant

Two unique presentations of Achromobacter xylosoxidans infections in clinical settings

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