A novel biomimetic composite scaffold hybridized with mesenchymal stem cells in repair of rat bone defects models

Abstract

In this study, the in vivo bone-regenerative potential of a novel bioactive glass-collagen-hyaluronic acid-Phosphatidylserine (BG-COL-HYA-PS) composite scaffold hybridized with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was investigated in a rat bone defect model. HrGFP-labeled MSCs were cultured for 2 weeks on the BG-COL-HYA-PS scaffold before implantation into the defect. A cell-free scaffold and an untreated defect were used as controls. The regeneration process was evaluated by histology, X-ray, and mechanical rigidity experiments at different time points post-implantation. The results revealed that BG-COL-HYA-PS scaffold exhibited a low inflammatory response and foreign body response within 3 weeks. At week 6, those responses disappeared following the resorption of scaffolds and the formation of new bone. Compared with the pure scaffold or empty group, the introduction of MSCs into the porous scaffold dramatically enhanced the efficiency of the new bone formation and biomechanical property of the femur. In addition, the transplanted MSCs could survive for up to 3 weeks or longer. The results demonstrated that the BG-COL-HYA-PS scaffold was biocompatible and osteoconductive and the transplanted MSCs with the scaffold enhanced the healing of the bone defect.

Leveraging “Raw Materials” as Building Blocks and Bioactive Signals in Regenerative Medicine

“…While most researchers tend to utilize raw materials that are present in the native ECM, cartilage tissue engineering solutions tend to conflict between the selection of type I and type II collagen (Table 3). Several raw material approaches utilize collagen type I to regenerate articular cartilage, 26,28,31,33,37,45,53,56,78 despite the well-known fact that the collagen of hyaline cartilage is predominately type II rather than type I. Studies by Berendsen et al 36 and Ng et al 32 attempted to address this raw material debate.…”

“…92 The versatility and biocompatibility of HA has attracted attention for the delivery of growth factors and other biological molecules in tissue engineering scaffolds. 18 Recent approaches have included the delivery of signaling molecules, such as simvastatin, 80 vascular endothelial growth factor, 79,84 platelet-derived growth factor, 84 transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-b1), 77 TGF-b3, 76 bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), 79 phosphatidylserine, 78 and fibronectin. 85 Bae et al 80 fabricated HA hydrogels loaded with simvastatin prior to photocrosslinking to entrap the molecule within the entangled gel matrix.…”

Design of biocomposite materials for bone tissue regeneration

“…The scaffold produced by the latter method is 18 times stiffer than the basic collagen, but the scaffold produced by former method displays clogged pores. Composites of collagen and bioactive glass nanoparticles (nBG) with phosphatidylserine (PS) binds calcium ions with high affinity and aids in tissue repair [36][37][38]. These porous scaffolds…”

Development and Applications of Varieties of Bioactive Glass Compositions in Dental Surgery, Third Generation Tissue Engineering, Orthopaedic Surgery and as Drug Delivery System

“…Addition of hyaluronic acid and mesenchymal stem cell in the aforesaid scaffold further enhanced the healing of the bone defect (Xu et al, 2010). Bonebonding response significantly enhanced with the micro-roughening of the bioactive glass surface, but the glass composition affected the intensity of the response (Itala et al, 2003).…”