A novel brine precipitation process for higher water recovery

Aghdam, Mojtaba Azadi; Zraick, Flavia; Simon, Julien; Farrell, James; Snyder, Shane A.

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.007

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The composition of the water used in the isotherm and column experiments was based on NF concentrate generated in a previous investigation [4]. Cation Concentration…”

Section: Synthetic Nf Concentratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased water recovery can be achieved using multistage processes that include a precipitation step on the primary NF/RO concentrate [3]. When antiscalant compounds are used, they interfere with mineral precipitation from the concentrate solution [4]. Thus, it is desirable to remove antiscalant compounds from the primary concentrate prior to the precipitation step.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Removal of phosphonate compounds from membrane concentrate solutions requires an adsorbent that reacts with the phosphonate group via chemical adsorption, rather than by electrostatic attraction or ion exchange. This is necessary since the concentration of the antiscalant compound is usually less than 0.1 mM, while the concentrations of other anions, such as Cl -, SO 4 2-, and HCO 3 are typically one to two orders of magnitude greater. Adsorbents based on ferric hydroxide have been proposed for removing phosphonate antiscalants from membrane concentrate solutions [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Removing phosphonate antiscalants from membrane concentrate solutions using granular ferric hydroxide

Chen

Baygents

2017

Journal of Water Process Engineering

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Phosphonate antiscalants are commonly used in membrane desalination to prevent fouling by mineral scale. In many circumstances, it is desirable to remove these compounds before concentrate disposal or further treatment. The goal of this research was to determine if the kinetics of phosphonate adsorption and desorption from granular ferric hydroxide (GFH) are sufficiently fast for GFH to be used in packed bed adsorption systems for antiscalant removal from membrane concentrate solutions. Well-stirred batch experiments were performed to investigate the adsorption kinetics of Permatreat 191 ® (PT191) and nitrilotri(methylphosphonic) acid (NTMP) onto GFH. Uptake of both compounds was slow and continued over the course of 6 days. Adsorption isotherms measured after 24 hours elapsed showed initial concentration effects, whereby the isotherms were dependent on the initial adsorbate concentration in solution. This can be attributed to chemical adsorption reactions with faster rates of bond formation than bond breaking. Strong phosphonate adsorption in high pH solutions and high activation barriers for desorption resulted in slow kinetics for adsorbent regeneration by NaOH solutions. Desorption rates were bimodal, with 40-50% of the adsorbed phosphonate being released on a time scale of 10-24 hours, while the remaining fraction was released approximately one order of magnitude more slowly. Complete regeneration could not be achieved, even after eluting the adsorbent columns with more than 300 bed volumes of 1.0 mol/L NaOH. The inability to regenerate the adsorbent in an efficient manner likely precludes its use for cost-effective antiscalant removal from membrane concentrate solutions.

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“…The composition of the water used in the isotherm and column experiments was based on NF concentrate generated in a previous investigation [4]. Cation Concentration…”

Section: Synthetic Nf Concentratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Removing phosphonate antiscalants from membrane concentrate solutions using granular ferric hydroxide

Chen

Baygents

2017

Journal of Water Process Engineering

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“…A dissolved silica concentration of 1000 mg/L as SiO 2 was selected to simulate a HERO process with 30 mg/L of silica in the feed water operated at a water recovery of 97%. The simulated RO concentrate was based on that produced in a previous investigation treating Central Arizona Project water, as delivered to Tucson, Arizona [20]. The test solutions prepared in UPW were used to investigate the effect of solution IS on silica removal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation for removing dissolved silica from high efficiency reverse osmosis (HERO) concentrate solutions

Chen

Baygents

2017

Journal of Water Process Engineering

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High efficiency reverse osmosis (HERO) produces high pH concentrate streams that often contain high levels of dissolved silica. Removal of silica from these concentrate streams is desirable before brine concentration and crystallization. This research investigated removal of dissolved silica from simulated HERO concentrate solutions using electrocoagulation (EC) with mild steel anodes and chemical coagulation with FeCl 3. At pH values of above 10, the mild steel anodes immediately passivated and were not able to deliver Fe 2+ ions into the solution. This necessitated lowering the solution pH value via HCl or FeCl 3 addition prior to EC. At pH values ≤10, iron dosing by EC was in agreement with that given by Faraday's law. The optimal initial pH value for operating the EC process was 8, which required addition of 17.8 mM HCl or 5.8 mM FeCl 3. An EC iron dose of 4.0 mM resulted in 76-89% silica removal for solutions with initial pH values between 4 and 8. Higher dosing up to 9.3 mM increased silica removal by only 5%. Chemical coagulation was not as effective as EC, and was able to achieve a maximum removal of 64% with a 4.0 mM FeCl 3 dose. Solution ionic strength had no measurable impact on silica removal by EC, but did affect final solution pH values and silica removal by chemical coagulation. For both EC and chemical coagulation, the initial pH value of solution had greater impact on silica removal than the iron dose.

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“…Several antiscalant separation techniques, including the use of a coagulant or surfactant, ion exchange, adsorption, nanofiltration, and chemically-enhanced seeded precipitation, have been proposed. 29,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42] Additional chemical residues may cause membrane fouling in the secondary RO process. 43,44 Ion exchange and adsorption still need to be improved for process sustainability, and the antiscalant residue may still be present after treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of brackish water inland desalination brine via antiscalant removal using persulfate photolysis

Kum

Tang

Liu

2023

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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A novel brine precipitation process for higher water recovery

Cited by 25 publications

References 20 publications

Removing phosphonate antiscalants from membrane concentrate solutions using granular ferric hydroxide

Removing phosphonate antiscalants from membrane concentrate solutions using granular ferric hydroxide

Evaluating electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation for removing dissolved silica from high efficiency reverse osmosis (HERO) concentrate solutions

Treatment of brackish water inland desalination brine via antiscalant removal using persulfate photolysis

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