A Novel Buffering Design and Performance Evaluation of Optical Flow Switch with Smart Scheduling Algorithms

Design of Optical Tunnel Switching Networks for Big Data Applications

“…But node N (1, 5) needs to build a tunnel to node N (5, 3), because they are not in the same X-axis loop, therefore it is necessary to establish a relay tunnel; that is, first establish a direct tunnel to node N (5, 5) with λ 4 (refer to the red word in Table 1), and transfer to the SDN switch and then transfer to node N (5, 3) with λ 38 (refer to the red word in Table 1). N (1, 5) also needs to build a direct tunnel to node N (5,5), and therefore, the tunnel from the node N (1, 5) to the node N (5, 5) is shared with the previous relay tunnel. That is to say, the traffic volume of the two tunnels will be integrated, so the average traffic volume cannot exceed 50%.…”

“…Each node of the 7 × 7 Torus network has 12 direct tunnels and 36 relay tunnels to transfer data to other nodes. According to the uniform distribution of traffic, on average, a direct tunnel allows three relay tunnels (36/12) to share bandwidth, such that node N (7,7), node N (7,6), node N (7,5) and node N (7, 4) share a direct tunnel, and the tunnel runs from node N (1, 7) to node N (7, 7). If one plane uses only a relay tunnel to share the bandwidth of the direct tunnel, the network requires three planes.…”

“…Due to traffic changes, the bandwidth requirement of node N (5, 5) exceeds the 4/3 λ bandwidth. If the sum of the bandwidth of node N (4, 5), node N (4, 2) and node N (4, 1) is equal to or less than the 1λ bandwidth, we can allocate a λ 3 of node N (4, 5) and change it to node N (5,5), so that a wavelength of 3λ can be used from node N (1,5) to node N (5, 5), including node N (5,4) and node N (5, 3), which is shown in Figure 19. However, the total bandwidth used by node N (5,5) for the entire network is still limited to 16λ.…”

“…If the sum of the bandwidth of node N (4, 5), node N (4, 2) and node N (4, 1) is equal to or less than the 1λ bandwidth, we can allocate a λ 3 of node N (4, 5) and change it to node N (5,5), so that a wavelength of 3λ can be used from node N (1,5) to node N (5, 5), including node N (5,4) and node N (5, 3), which is shown in Figure 19. However, the total bandwidth used by node N (5,5) for the entire network is still limited to 16λ. Therefore, if the bandwidth requirement of a node exceeds the 2λ (200%) bandwidth (red light), including relay tunnel nodes, then we can allocate the neighbor nodes that are smaller than a λ (100%) bandwidth (green light), including relay tunnel nodes to this busy node (red light) to avoid traffic loss.…”

“…Current data center networks are unable to meet demand due to their insufficient performance, such as poor flexibility, high latency, lack of scalability and serious power consumption. In recent years, various optical switching systems have been developed and demonstrated, making them the best choice for next-generation data center and data center networking technologies [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Test results show that compared with the electric spine-leaf data center network, OPTUNS achieves 82.6% power savings under high traffic load (locality), and significantly reduces the average (p99) delay [11].…”