“…A summary of this early work was presented in [22,23], with three-dimensional elasticity problems [24][25][26], plate bending [9,[27][28][29][30], and shell structures [31][32][33][34]. Other studies presented the treatment of non-linear problems [31,[35][36], composite materials [37], functionally graded plates [29,38], and fracture mechanics [39]. These elements are stable and have good efficiency, and the strain approach is very practical for the development of robust finite elements which are insensitive to common problems such as mesh sensitivity and different locking problems.…”