A Novel Candidate for Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis: Urolithin B Decreases Lipid Plaque Deposition in apoE−/− Mice and Increases Early Stages of Reverse Cholesterol Transport in ox‐LDL Treated Macrophages Cells

Zhao, Wenhua; Wang, Lixue; Haller, Viktoria Maria; Ritsch, Andreas

doi:10.1002/mnfr.201800887

Cited by 40 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…38 Intriguingly, another study showed that Uro-B decreased lipid plaques deposition in double knockout apoE mice. 39 In our study, both urolithins significantly decreased serum cholesterol and TG levels (Table 1). They also significantly decreased both hepatic cholesterol and TG levels (Figure 3), signifying the hypolipemic effect of Uro-A and Uro-B in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Urolithins Attenuate Multiple Symptoms of Obesity in Rats Fed on a High-Fat Diet

Abdulrahman

Kuerban

Alshehri

et al. 2020

DMSO

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Background: Urolithins are gut microbiota-derived polyphenol metabolites, produced following the consumption of pomegranate, berries, and nuts. Recent studies have shown the potentials of these metabolites on reducing triglycerides accumulation in cultured hepatocytes and adipocytes. In this study, we investigated the ability of both urolithin A (Uro-A) and urolithin B (Uro-B) to attenuate obesity and associated symptoms in a high-fat diet-induced obesity model in rats. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups. Group 1 was fed on a normal diet while groups 2, 3, and 4 were fed on a high-fat diet for 10 weeks. After this, groups 3 and 4 were treated with 2.5mg/kg body weight of Uro-A and Uro-B intraperitoneally, respectively. Body weight, serum lipid profile, hepatic antioxidant activity, hepatic lipid accumulation, fecal lipid content, and the expressions of genes involved in lipogenesis and hepatic ER stress were quantified. Results: Indeed, a high-fat diet resulted in increased body weight, visceral adipose tissue mass, and oxidative stress in rats. However, treatment with both Uro-A and Uro-B decreased body weight and visceral adipose tissue mass. These metabolites restored hepatic antioxidant capacity and decreased lipid accumulation in addition to an increase in fecal fat excretion. Moreover, both Uro-A and Uro-B treatment downregulated the expression of LXRα and SREBP1c; involved in de novo lipogenesis while upregulating PPARα expression for increased fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, Uro-A and Uro-B decreased the expression of PERK and IRE1α; which are involved in hepatic ER stress. Taken together, our results showed the potentials of Uro-A and Uro-B in mitigating obesity symptoms and they could thus provide promising roles in the future as functional anti-obesity candidates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Urolithins Attenuate Multiple Symptoms of Obesity in Rats Fed on a High-Fat Diet

Abdulrahman

Kuerban

Alshehri

et al. 2020

DMSO

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“…Ellagitannins and their bioactive compounds, which are converted to low molecular weight compounds, including urolithin B, by intestinal microbiota, have been shown to significantly increase the degradation of cholesterol from macrophages. The data from the study demonstrated that urolithin B was able to reduce lipid plaque deposition and modulate the expression of Scavenger Class B receptors type I (SR-BI) and ABCA1 involved in reverse cholesterol transport [ 66 ].…”

Section: Pharmacological Effect Of Punicalagin and Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and Immune Functions of Punicalagin

et al. 2021

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The aim of this publication is to compile a summary of the findings regarding punicalagin in various tissues described thus far in the literature, with an emphasis on the effect of this substance on immune reactions. Punicalagin (PUN) is an ellagitannin found in the peel of pomegranate (Punica granatum). It is a polyphenol with proven antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-atherosclerotic and chemopreventive activities, antiproliferative activity against tumor cells; it inhibits inflammatory pathways and the action of toxic substances, and is highly tolerated. This work describes the source, metabolism, functions and effects of punicalagin, its derivatives and metabolites. Furthermore, its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects are described.

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“…Bioactive products generated by the host or commensal microbes modulate metabolic factors involved in CVD. Urolithin B, which is derived from ellagitannins by components of the gut microbiota, modulates gene expression levels involved in RCT and increases cholesterol efflux from macrophages into HDL particles, thus decreasing lipid deposition in plaques (Zhao, et al , ). However, another study reported that the Coriobacteriaceae family, which is involved in urolithin B production, is positively associated with total cholesterol and LDL levels and is a potential CVD risk biomarker (Romo‐Vaquero, et al , ).…”

Section: The Link Between the Gut Microbiota And Cvd‐related Risk Facmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gut microbiota and its interactions with cardiovascular disease

Wang

Feng

et al. 2020

Microbial Biotechnology

128

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Summary The intestine is colonized by a considerable community of microorganisms that cohabits within the host and plays a critical role in maintaining host homeostasis. Recently, accumulating evidence has revealed that the gut microbial ecology plays a pivotal role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moreover, the effects of imbalances in microbe–host interactions on homeostasis can lead to the progression of CVD. Alterations in the composition of gut flora and disruptions in gut microbial metabolism are implicated in the pathogenesis of CVD. Furthermore, the gut microbiota functions like an endocrine organ that produces bioactive metabolites, including trimethylamine/trimethylamine N‐oxide, short‐chain fatty acids and bile acids, which are also involved in host health and disease via numerous pathways. Thus, the gut microbiota and its metabolic pathways have attracted growing attention as a therapeutic target for CVD treatment. The fundamental purpose of this review was to summarize recent studies that have illustrated the complex interactions between the gut microbiota, their metabolites and the development of common CVD, as well as the effects of gut dysbiosis on CVD risk factors. Moreover, we systematically discuss the normal physiology of gut microbiota and potential therapeutic strategies targeting gut microbiota to prevent and treat CVD.

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A Novel Candidate for Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis: Urolithin B Decreases Lipid Plaque Deposition in apoE^−/− Mice and Increases Early Stages of Reverse Cholesterol Transport in ox‐LDL Treated Macrophages Cells

Cited by 40 publications

References 50 publications

<p>Urolithins Attenuate Multiple Symptoms of Obesity in Rats Fed on a High-Fat Diet</p>

<p>Urolithins Attenuate Multiple Symptoms of Obesity in Rats Fed on a High-Fat Diet</p>

Physiological and Immune Functions of Punicalagin

The gut microbiota and its interactions with cardiovascular disease

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