A Novel Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation Technique for Parkinson’s Patients Rehabilitation Utilizing Machine Learning

Faraji, Behnam; Rouhollahi, Korosh; Nezhadi, Akram; Jamalpoor, Zahra

doi:10.1109/jsen.2022.3228766

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 30 publications

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“…There are two paradigms for classifying DBS, namely, open-loop DBS (also known as conventional DBS) and closed-loop DBS (also known as adaptive DBS or CLDBS) [3,5,6]. In the case of open-loop DBS, a neurologist manually adjusts the stimulation parameters every 3-12 months after implantation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Microdevice in a Submicron CMOS for Closed-Loop Deep-Brain Stimulation (CLDBS)

Nordi,

Gounella,

Amorim

et al. 2024

JLPEA

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Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) is a highly effective and safe medical treatment that improves the lives of patients with a wide range of neurological and psychiatric diseases. It has been established as a first-line tool in the treatment of these conditions for the past two decades. Closed-loop deep-brain stimulation (CLDBS) advances this tool further by automatically adjusting the stimulation parameters in real time based on the brain’s response. In this context, this paper presents a low-noise amplifier (LNA) and a neurostimulator circuit fabricated using the low-power/low-voltage 65 nm CMOS process from TSMC. The circuits are specifically designed for implantable applications. To achieve the best tradeoff between input-referred noise and power consumption, metaheuristic algorithms were employed to determine and optimize the dimensions of the LNA devices during the design phase. Measurement results showed that the LNA had a gain of 41.2 dB; a 3 dB bandwidth spanning over three decades, from 1.5 Hz to 11.5 kHz; a power consumption of 5.9 µW; and an input-referred noise of 3.45 µVRMS, from 200 Hz to 11.5 kHz. The neurostimulator circuit is a programmable Howland current pump. Measurements have shown its capability to generate currents with arbitrary shapes and ranging from −325 µA to +318 µA. Simulations indicated a quiescent power consumption of 0.13 µW, with zero neurostimulation current. Both the LNA and the neurostimulator circuits are supplied with a 1.2 V voltage and occupy a microdevice area of 145 µm × 311 µm and 88 µm × 89 µm, respectively, making them suitable for implantation in applications involving closed-loop deep-brain stimulation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%