A Novel Cluster Based Time Synchronization Technique for Wireless Sensor Networks

Gautam, Gopal Chand; Chand, Narottam

doi:10.4236/wsn.2017.95008

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Here, the Software as a Service (SaaS) cloud service is used to gather data for analysis and initiate corresponding actions on IoT devices. The approach described in [36] introduces the energy efficient clustering algorithm (EECA) for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this algorithm, clusters are formed based on the center of the sensing field, after which the synchronization process commences.…”

Section: Related Work In Time Synchronization Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cluster-based Improvised Time Synchronization Algorithm for Multihop IoT Networks

Dalwadi,

Padole

2024

Int. j. electr. comput. eng. syst. (Online)

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Achieving precise time synchronization among wireless sensor devices within Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks poses a significant challenge. Various approaches have been proposed to efficiently synchronize time in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) used in the IoT. However, these solutions typically involve extensive message exchanges to achieve synchronization, leading to notable communication and energy overheads. In this context, we introduce a clustering approach aimed at enhancing the Reference Broadcast Synchronization (RBS) protocol to suit large multihop IoT networks. This paper discusses existing cluster- based time synchronization methods and compares their effectiveness. Moreover, our proposed clustering approach seamlessly integrates existing time synchronization protocols, thereby enhancing both power efficiency and synchronization accuracy, which are specifically tailored for multihop IoT networks. To validate the effectiveness of our approach, we conducted emulations, which demonstrated a significant improvement in minimizing synchronization error by 78% compared to existing RBS methods, along with a 40% reduction in the power consumption of reference nodes. Overall, our proposed method yields satisfactory results with less overhead in scalable IoT networks.

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Section: Related Work In Time Synchronization Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cluster-based Improvised Time Synchronization Algorithm for Multihop IoT Networks

Dalwadi,

Padole

2024

Int. j. electr. comput. eng. syst. (Online)

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“…Gopal et al proposed a cluster-based time synchronization technique for WSN in [27]. It can dynamically cluster nodes based on distance and energy levels to achieve energyefficient time synchronization.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Extremely Accurate Time Synchronization Mechanism in Fog-Based Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network

Liang

2020

IEEE Access

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Fog-based Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are new kinds of network that combine fog computing and mobile ad-hoc networks appeared in recent years, which can be used in monitoring traffic, smart driving, safe driving, and so on. Fog-based VANET is composed of a large number of dynamic nodes and static nodes, which is a heterogeneous network. Due to the heterogeneity of fog-based VANET, there is a large difference in clock rate between different nodes. It makes clock of nodes soon become inconsistent. The inaccurate clocks would lead to problems such as imprecise duty-cycle scheduling and wrong events sequence, etc. Synchronizing the clocks needs multiple message exchanges among the nodes. However, due to the mobility of the fog-based VANET, the network topology changes dynamically, which may cause synchronization packets to fail to be transmitted to a node that needs to be synchronized. In this paper, a precise time synchronization mechanism for fog-based VANET is proposed. The mechanism uses two-way message exchange method to estimate clock offset through analyzing the mobility of dynamic nodes. Clock skew is corrected using a carrier frequency offset (CFO) based hardware clock frequency estimation and considering the Doppler effect. Theoretical analyses and simulation results show that our time synchronization mechanism achieves highly accurate time synchronization. INDEX TERMS Vehicular ad-hoc networks, fog computing, time synchronization, carrier frequency offset, two-way message exchange.

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A Tutorial on Agricultural IoT: Fundamental Concepts, Architectures, Routing, and Optimization

Effah

Thiaré

Wyglinski

2023

IoT

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This paper presents an in-depth contextualized tutorial on Agricultural IoT (Agri-IoT), covering the fundamental concepts, assessment of routing architectures and protocols, and performance optimization techniques via a systematic survey and synthesis of the related literature. The negative impacts of climate change and the increasing global population on food security and unemployment threats have motivated the adoption of the wireless sensor network (WSN)-based Agri-IoT as an indispensable underlying technology in precision agriculture and greenhouses to improve food production capacities and quality. However, most related Agri-IoT testbed solutions have failed to achieve their performance expectations due to the lack of an in-depth and contextualized reference tutorial that provides a holistic overview of communication technologies, routing architectures, and performance optimization modalities based on users’ expectations. Thus, although IoT applications are founded on a common idea, each use case (e.g., Agri-IoT) varies based on the specific performance and user expectations as well as technological, architectural, and deployment requirements. Likewise, the agricultural setting is a unique and hostile area where conventional IoT technologies do not apply, hence the need for this tutorial. Consequently, this tutorial addresses these via the following contributions: (1) a systematic overview of the fundamental concepts, technologies, and architectural standards of WSN-based Agri-IoT, (2) an evaluation of the technical design requirements of a robust, location-independent, and affordable Agri-IoT, (3) a comprehensive survey of the benchmarking fault-tolerance techniques, communication standards, routing and medium access control (MAC) protocols, and WSN-based Agri-IoT testbed solutions, and (4) an in-depth case study on how to design a self-healing, energy-efficient, affordable, adaptive, stable, autonomous, and cluster-based WSN-specific Agri-IoT from a proposed taxonomy of multi-objective optimization (MOO) metrics that can guarantee an optimized network performance. Furthermore, this tutorial established new taxonomies of faults, architectural layers, and MOO metrics for cluster-based Agri-IoT (CA-IoT) networks and a three-tier objective framework with remedial measures for designing an efficient associated supervisory protocol for cluster-based Agri-IoT networks.

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A Novel Cluster Based Time Synchronization Technique for Wireless Sensor Networks

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Cluster-based Improvised Time Synchronization Algorithm for Multihop IoT Networks

Cluster-based Improvised Time Synchronization Algorithm for Multihop IoT Networks

An Extremely Accurate Time Synchronization Mechanism in Fog-Based Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network

A Tutorial on Agricultural IoT: Fundamental Concepts, Architectures, Routing, and Optimization

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