A novel comparison between standard and new testing procedures to assess shock absorbency of third generation artificial turfs

Nunome, Hiroyuki; Inoue, Kazuaki; Shinkai, Hironari; Kozakai, Rumi; Suito, Hiroshi; Ikegami, Yusaku

doi:10.1007/s12283-013-0146-7

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The average (±SD) peak force magnitude produced by this test on the most standard type of 3-g turf with sand/rubber four-layered infill of 35 mm thickness was 12.30 ± 0.24 kN, which was within the range of those readings observed in human severe landings (11.01–13.86 kN). 17 The rig consisted of an inverse steel pendulum system with a ball-bearing axis. In this test, the impact head was gently released by hand from the pendulum’s topmost position (688 mm height), with its downward motion controlled by gravity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high-load testing rig 17,18 was used ( Figure 1). Of the many physical parameters that could have been addressed, the test was designed to reproduce peak magnitudes during severe human landing conditions that likely occur during a football match.…”

Section: Testing Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, a few papers have focused on shock absorbency of 3-g turf. [17][18][19] In contrast, information on the properties of natural turf has been rather limited. 20,21 More data on natural turf properties could provide a realistic parameter for 3-g turf development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the differences in shock absorbency among most types of 3-g turfs were clarified in a high-loading condition that was reproduced by a newly developed testing rig. 17,18 The rig can be used in a wide range of applications in assessing the shock absorbency of turf-like sports surfaces, even in outdoor conditions like a fine, well-maintained natural turf in a soccer stadium and/or 3-g turf used for many years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of high-impact load-absorbing property of natural turf for professional use with various types of natural and artificial turfs in football

Nunome

Inoue

Ball

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P:

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The present study aimed to illustrate load stress-strain properties of various types of natural and artificial turfs. A modified high-loading test rig was used to measure shock absorbency and concurrent deformation of these surfaces in situ to calculate quasi stress-strain curves. A natural turf professionally maintained for top professional league soccer matches (N-stadium) was used as the reference surface. Other surfaces included two natural turfs without professional maintenance (one with and one without polyethylene pile reinforcement), four new artificial turfs (sand infill only, rubber infill only, both sand and rubber, and thermoplastic elastomer infill), and one aged artificial turf (8 years old with sand/rubber infill). All artificial turfs failed to mimic two properties of N-stadium, plastic deformation, and hysteresis profile, suggesting N-stadium has more energy absorbable properties than those of artificial turfs. The aged artificial turf with conventional infill was substantially stiffer than the new artificial turf with the same infill, indicating age affects the stiffness of these surfaces. Also, distinctive differences were detected between N-stadium and other natural turfs, suggesting factors such as daily maintenance work are very influential on their quasi stress-strain properties. Interestingly, no difference in the quasi stress-strain curve existed between the natural turf with and without polyethylene pile reinforcement. While artificial surfaces are improving, there is still a difference in properties between these surfaces and natural turf pitches.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Testing Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of high-impact load-absorbing property of natural turf for professional use with various types of natural and artificial turfs in football

Nunome

Inoue

Ball

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P:

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“…Researchers have sought to address some of these concerns through creation of their own devices with an increased emphasis on biofidelity [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Whilst these devices have increased validity in terms of the player-surface interaction mechanics, little research has been conducted to assess whether the resulting measurements relate to players perceptions of the surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of player perceptions to mechanical measurements of third generation synthetic turf football surfaces

et al. 2023

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Mechanical testing of synthetic turf football surfaces is considered essential to ensure player performance and safety. However, it remains unknown how well the mechanical outputs reflect player perceptions of these surfaces. The first objective of this study was to investigate the agreement between the outputs from the Rotational Traction Tester and the Advanced Artificial Athlete with player perceptions across a range of controlled third generation turf football surfaces. The second objective was to identify the modifications to the Rotational Traction Tester and the Advanced Artificial Athlete configurations and output variables that give the strongest agreement with player perceptions. An indoor test area containing ten third generation turf surfaces with controlled hardness and traction properties was constructed. Each surface was tested using the Advanced Artificial Athlete and Rotational Traction Tester in their current configuration and in several modified configurations aimed at better replicating the player–surface interaction. Using a trained panel paired comparisons technique, 18 University footballers (11 males and 7 females) identified differences in the surfaces based on four sensory attributes Movement Speed, Slip, Leg Shock and Give. Results indicated strong agreement (correlation coefficients between 0.7 and 1.0) across several Rotational Traction Tester and Advanced Artificial Athlete testing configurations and output variables with player perceptions. It is recommended that the current Rotational Traction Tester is improved through added instrumentation to allow surface stiffness to be evaluated (the rate of generation of traction resistance). It is further recommended that the Advanced Artificial Athlete adopts a new algorithm to improve the accuracy of the surface’s Vertical Deformation and Energy Restitution, and the number of drops is reduced from three to one.

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High Load Stress-Strain Property of Natural Turf for Professional Use, Various Types of Natural, Hybrid and Artificial Turfs in Football

Nunome

Inoue

Ball

et al. 2020

The 13th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association

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High load quasi stress-strain (qSS) properties of professionally maintained natural turf (N-pro) was compared with eight natural, hybrid or artificial turfs: one professionally maintained natural turf in a sub field and one grown in a test field without maintenance, two hybrid turfs (one in the sub field and one grown in the test field without maintenance), three new artificial turfs (sand, rubber and sand/rubber infill) and one aged artificial turf (eight years old with sand/rubber infill). N-pro was characterized with a distinctive magnitude of plastic deformation and hysteresis profile, indicating its more energy absorbable properties compared to the artificial turfs. Apparent differences exist between N-pro and other natural turfs, suggesting factors such as daily maintenance work and sod compositions are very influential. Clear differences were also observed when the hybrid turf was professionally maintained. The aged artificial turf becomes substantially stiffer indicating usage over years affects the stiffness.

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A novel comparison between standard and new testing procedures to assess shock absorbency of third generation artificial turfs

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Comparison of high-impact load-absorbing property of natural turf for professional use with various types of natural and artificial turfs in football

Comparison of high-impact load-absorbing property of natural turf for professional use with various types of natural and artificial turfs in football

Comparison of player perceptions to mechanical measurements of third generation synthetic turf football surfaces

High Load Stress-Strain Property of Natural Turf for Professional Use, Various Types of Natural, Hybrid and Artificial Turfs in Football

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