A novel computation method for detection of Malaria in RBC using Photonic biosensor

Abstract

Initial stage detection of malaria is very helpful in reducing the human death rate. Generally manual diagnosis is used for detection of malaria using 100 9 to 600 9 microscope but time required for this process is very large and false report chances are more, which results in death of a person. A high speed, low cost and result accurate biosensor plays a key role in diagnosis of malaria. When malaria parasite's infects RBC's, its mechanical, physical and biochemical structure will get modified results in change of refractive index of RBC. Therefore, refractive index varies from normal RBC to infected RBC. This factor is utilized to design the photonic biosensor for detection of malaria in humans and it is label free detection method. The proposed photonic crystal sensor has 10 lm 9 10 lm dimension. The extracted sample is placed in the sensor holes and light beam with a wavelength of 1.85-1.95 lm is fed inside the bio sensor. If the malaria parasites are present then there will be variation in RI from normal sample results in the wavelength shift. FDTD technique is used for the simulation of this model. Quality factor achieved for this design is 214 and the sensitivity for change in refractive index is 225 nm/RIU.

Field Evaluation of a Hemozoin-Based Malaria Diagnostic Device in Puerto Lempira, Honduras

“…Furthermore, RDTs do not indicate parasite burden and may face detection problems when the parasite does not express the target antigen [13,14]. Due to the intrinsic limitations of conventional malaria diagnostic methods and the challenges faced by countries approaching elimination, a large number of new diagnostic methods have been proposed [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The most sensitive methods (around five parasites/µL of blood) are those based on DNA amplification.…”

Design of a two-dimensional photonic crystal biosensor to identify blood cholesterol in humans

“…It is one of the photonic crystal structures in the design of biosensors such as blood component detection sensors that can detect blood parameters [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Another biosensor created with a photonic crystal structure is the detection of different types of cancer cells [34][35][36] and potential malaria detection [37][38][39][40][41]. Another application of photonic crystals, Salinity, and temperature detection for seawater [42][43][44].…”

Optofluidic photonic crystal micro sensor for enhanced detection of infectious diseases

“…According to this approach, dielectric parameters are assigned to each layer. The overall transfer matrix for the entire structure is computed by multiplying all the single-layer transfer matrices [21][22][23][24][25] as describe in equation (1) to equation (13).…”

“…The theoretical investigation for the performance is carried out using transverse matrix method approach and yielded a very high operating sensitivity (306.25 nm RIU −1 ) when compared with ordinary optical sensors. Similarly, Shalaby et al [9][10][11][12][13] developed a design for detection of blood sugar for medical applications. Transfer matrix approach was used and the calculations of the transmission spectra for 1D photonic crystal with blood sugar level as defective layer were considered.…”

“…In contrast, the second design was rooted in advanced techniques, leading to it possessing ultra-quality factors, reasonable sensitivity, and compactness in size (9.4 × 5.5 μm 2 ). Ramanujam et al [14][15][16][17] presented a refractive index sensor based on ring core periodic structure of photonic crystal (PhC), which can be particularly used for tuberculosis blood samples. Materials for layer were selected as layer A is TiO 2 and layer B is SiO 2 , with a silicon material used around the hollow cavity to avoid changes in physical and chemical properties of real samples.…”