A novel cup with a pressure-adjusting mechanism for high-temperature water vapor transmission rate measurements

Iizuka, Shinya; Murata, Kazuhide; Sato, Masahiro; Sato, Chiaki

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2015.11.018

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Water vapor permeability measurements were performed on samples (diameter 4.5 cm) coming from the above mentioned compression-molded sheets, at 25 • C and 50% relative humidity, using a BYK-Gardner (Germany) permeability cup. Permeability constant was calculated as the average of four measurements by normalizing the measured weight loss of each sample against the sample thickness (data reproducibility: ±7%), according to the procedures described elsewhere (Iizuka et al, 2016;Hendrickx et al, 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability of Biodegradable Polymers for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage

et al. 2019

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The use of polymers for conservation of cultural heritage is related to the possibility to slow down or stop natural deterioration which, in many cases, corresponds to stopping the entrance of liquid water and to favor spontaneous water vapor removal. Unfortunately, hydrophobicity is generally favored by surface roughness and thus competitive with transparency. It is therefore important to find an optimal balance hydrophobicity, transparency and durability (especially to photooxidation). However, polymers typically used for applications in this field come from non-renewable resources and are not biodegradable. In this work, the mechanical, structural, and optical properties of PLA, PBAT, and a PBAT/PLA blends, as well as surface properties and water vapor permeability, were investigated before and after exposure to UV irradiation, in order to evaluate their durability and suitability for conservation of cultural heritage.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability of Biodegradable Polymers for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage

et al. 2019

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“…The water vapor transmission (WVT) test is an industry-approved cup method to quantify the permeation rate through a coating film [ 64 , 65 ]. Despite errors associated with elevated temperatures because of film deformation and damage caused by pressure fluctuations [ 66 ], a quantitative assessment of equilibrium water transmission rates can result from these measurements ( Table 2 ). Limitations to the method are potential sources of error in cup weights [ 67 ] and the need for freestanding films with uniform thickness [ 68 ].…”

Section: Mass Transport Through Coating Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of the Time-Dependent Performance of Polymeric Pipeline Coatings: Focus on Hydration of Epoxy-Based Coatings

Zargarnezhad

Asselin

Wong³

et al. 2021

Polymers

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The barrier performance of organic coatings is a direct function of mass transport and long-term stability of the polymeric structure. A predictive assessment of the protective coating cannot be conducted a priori of degradation effects on transport. Epoxy-based powder coatings are an attractive class of coatings for pipelines and other structures because application processing times are low and residual stresses between polymer layers are reduced. However, water ingress into the polymeric network of these coatings is of particular interest due to associated competitive sorption and plasticization effects. This review examines common analytical techniques for identifying parameters involved in transport in wet environments and underscores the gaps in the literature for the evaluation of the long-term performance of such coating systems. Studies have shown that the extent of polymer hydration has a major impact on gas and ion permeability/selectivity. Thus, transport analyses based only on micropore filling (i.e., adsorption) by water molecules are inadequate. Combinatorial entropy of the glassy epoxy and water vapor mixture not only affects the mechanism of membrane plasticization, but also changes the sorption kinetics of gas permeation and causes a partial gas immobility in the system. However, diffusivity, defined as the product of a kinetic mobility parameter and a concentration-dependent thermodynamic parameter, can eventually become favorable for gas transport at elevated temperatures, meaning that increasing gas pressure can decrease selectivity of the membrane for gas permeation. On the other hand, reverse osmosis membranes have shown that salt permeation is sensitive to, among other variables, water content in the polymer and a fundamental attribute in ionic diffusion is the effective size of hydrated ions. In addition, external electron sources—e.g., cathodic protection potentials for pipeline structures—can alter the kinetics of this transport as the tendency of ions to dissociate increases due to electrostatic forces. Focusing primarily on epoxy-based powder coatings, this review demonstrates that service parameters such as humidity, temperature, and concentration of aggressive species can dynamically develop different transport mechanisms, each at the expense of others. Although multilayered coating systems decrease moisture ingress and the consequences of environmental exposure, this survey shows that demands for extreme operating conditions can pose new challenges for coating materials and sparse data on transport properties would limit analysis of the remaining life of the system. This knowledge gap impedes the prediction of the likelihood of coating and, consequently, infrastructure failures.

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“…The gasket consisted of a PP gasket with side air vents and a laminated aluminum bag for collecting leaking air from the vents. The details of the utilized testing method have been previously described elsewhere [15]. Fig.…”

Section: Pressure-adjusting Gasketmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a simple cup method for water vapor transmission rate measurements under high-temperature conditions

Iizuka

Murata

Sato

et al. 2016

2016 International Conference on Electronics Packaging (ICEP)

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A novel method has been studied to measure hightemperature water vapor transmission rates (WVTRs) for sealing materials such as epoxy encapsulants. Sealing materials are widely used as electronic components and must be moisture resistant under the damp heat test conditions for electronic components, e.g., 60 ˚C and 85 ˚C. To prevent samples from damage during high-temperature measurements using the conventional cup method, we built a new cup unit with a pressure-adjusting mechanism. This new cup is used to measure WVTRs without damaging the thin epoxy encapsulant membranes (thicknesses of 120-220 μm). Arrhenius plots of the WVTRs for epoxy encapsulants measured by using the new cup exhibit linear relationships between temperatures of 25-85 ˚C. Keywords-water vapor transmissionrate; cup method; 60 ˚C 90% RH; 85 ˚C 85% RH; epoxy encapsulant I.

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A novel cup with a pressure-adjusting mechanism for high-temperature water vapor transmission rate measurements

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Durability of Biodegradable Polymers for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage

Durability of Biodegradable Polymers for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage

A Critical Review of the Time-Dependent Performance of Polymeric Pipeline Coatings: Focus on Hydration of Epoxy-Based Coatings

Development of a simple cup method for water vapor transmission rate measurements under high-temperature conditions

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