A novel description of the <i>Vastus lateralis</i> morphology of the Temminck's ground pangolin (<i>Manis temminckii</i>)

Boom, Kathryn; Breed, Dorothy; Hughes, Alix; Blackhurst, Dee; Kohn, Tertius Abraham

doi:10.1002/ar.24924

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The data were collected in the same laboratory and was used as routine reference points for comparative purposes, for which ethical approval was previously obtained. The comparative human athlete data has been reported in previous studies (Kohn et al, 2011; Van Boom et al, 2022; Webster et al, 2020) and aligns with published literature in humans.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Black bars represent TB, gray bars represent VL. The circles and shaded gray area represents the range of human enzyme activities from previous studies (Kohn et al, 2011; Van Boom et al, 2022; Webster et al, 2020)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were limited number of hybrid fibers (IA and IIAX) identified in the present study with only 6% identified in the TB and 5% in the VL. The low (Kohn et al, 2011;Van Boom et al, 2022;Webster et al, 2020) number of hybrid fibers may be due to the difficulty in identifying them through immunohistochemistry, where Type I, IIA, and IIX fibers are clearly visible using the specific antibodies (Figure 2a). Alternatively, the high number of hybrid fibers may be due to methodological differences, especially when relying on ATPase histochemistry.…”

Section: Fiber Type Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fiber type and metabolic characteristics of skeletal muscle in 16 breeds of domestic dogs

Boom

Schoeman

Steyl

et al. 2023

The Anatomical Record

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The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) species comprises hundreds of breeds, each differing in physical characteristics, behavior, strength, and running capability. Very little is known about the skeletal muscle composition and metabolism between the different breeds, which may explain disease susceptibility. Muscle samples from the triceps brachii (TB) and vastus lateralis (VL) were collected post mortem from 35 adult dogs, encompassing 16 breeds of varying ages and sex. Samples were analyzed for fiber type composition, fiber size, oxidative, and glycolytic metabolic capacity (citrate synthase [CS], 3‐hydroxyacetyl‐coA dehydrogenase [3HAD], creatine kinase [CK], and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] enzyme activities). There was no significant difference between the TB and VL in any of the measurements. However, there were large intra species variation, with some variables confirming the physical attributes of a specific breed. Collectively, type IIA was the predominant fiber type followed by type I and type IIX. The cross‐sectional areas (CSA) of the fibers were all smaller when compared to humans and similar to other wild animals. There was no difference in the CSA between the fiber types and muscle groups. Metabolically, the muscle of the dog displayed high oxidative capacity with high activities for CS and 3HAD. Lower CK and higher LDH activities than humans indicate a lower and higher flux through the high energy phosphate and glycolytic pathways, respectively. The high variability found across the different breeds may be attributed to genetics, function or lifestyle which have largely been driven through human intervention. This data may provide a foundation for future research into the role of these parameters in disease susceptibility, such as insulin resistance and diabetes, across breeds.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fiber Type Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fiber type and metabolic characteristics of skeletal muscle in 16 breeds of domestic dogs

Boom

Schoeman

Steyl

et al. 2023

The Anatomical Record

Self Cite

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“…Several different morphophysiological features, that are specific to the muscular compartment, and a longitudinal follow-up of the evolution of those features can be used to obtain a view on not only basal metabolic activity, but also adaptation of the muscular machinery in response to certain challenges, such as training. Some of these features can be visualized histochemically, such as muscle fiber type composition, the fiber specific and mean cross sectional area (fCSA and mfCSA), and the degree of capillarization and mitochondrial density present within a certain muscle ( Moro et al, 2019 ; de Meeûs d’Argenteuil et al, 2021b ; van Boom et al, 2022 ). Other factors can be monitored biochemically, for instance the activity of certain enzyme systems that catalyze different energy cycles ( Warren et al, 2014 ; Srisawat et al, 2017 ; Moro et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baselining physiological parameters in three muscles across three equine breeds. What can we learn from the horse?

Vidal Moreno de Vega,

de Meeûs d’Argenteuil,

Boshuizen

et al. 2024

Front. Physiol.

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Mapping-out baseline physiological muscle parameters with their metabolic blueprint across multiple archetype equine breeds, will contribute to better understanding their functionality, even across species.Aims: 1) to map out and compare the baseline fiber type composition, fiber type and mean fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA, mfCSA) and metabolic blueprint of three muscles in 3 different breeds 2) to study possible associations between differences in histomorphological parameters and baseline metabolism.Methods: Muscle biopsies [m. pectoralis (PM), m. vastus lateralis (VL) and m. semitendinosus (ST)] were harvested of 7 untrained Friesians, 12 Standardbred and 4 Warmblood mares. Untargeted metabolomics was performed on the VL and PM of Friesian and Warmblood horses and the VL of Standardbreds using UHPLC/MS/MS and GC/MS. Breed effect on fiber type percentage and fCSA and mfCSA was tested with Kruskal-Wallis. Breeds were compared with Wilcoxon rank-sum test, with Bonferroni correction. Spearman correlation explored the association between the metabolic blueprint and morphometric parameters.Results: The ST was least and the VL most discriminative across breeds. In Standardbreds, a significantly higher proportion of type IIA fibers was represented in PM and VL. Friesians showed a significantly higher representation of type IIX fibers in the PM. No significant differences in fCSA were present across breeds. A significantly larger mfCSA was seen in the VL of Standardbreds. Lipid and nucleotide super pathways were significantly more upregulated in Friesians, with increased activity of short and medium-chain acylcarnitines together with increased abundance of long chain and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Standardbreds showed highly active xenobiotic pathways and high activity of long and very long chain acylcarnitines. Amino acid metabolism was similar across breeds, with branched and aromatic amino acid sub-pathways being highly active in Friesians. Carbohydrate, amino acid and nucleotide super pathways and carnitine metabolism showed higher activity in Warmbloods compared to Standardbreds.Conclusion: Results show important metabolic differences between equine breeds for lipid, amino acid, nucleotide and carbohydrate metabolism and in that order. Mapping the metabolic profile together with morphometric parameters provides trainers, owners and researchers with crucial information to develop future strategies with respect to customized training and dietary regimens to reach full potential in optimal welfare.

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Does sex matter in the cheetah? Insights into the skeletal muscle of the fastest land animal

Kohn,

Knobel,

Donaldson

et al. 2024

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The cheetah is considered the fastest land animal, but studies on their skeletal muscle properties are scarce. Vastus lateralis biopsies, obtained from male and female cheetahs as well as humans, were analysed and compared for fibre type and size, and metabolism. Overall, cheetah muscle had predominantly type IIX fibres, which was confirmed by the myosin heavy chain isoform content (type I: 17±8%, type IIA: 21±6%, type IIX: 62±12%), whereas humans contained predominantly type I and IIA fibres (type I: 49±14%, type IIA: 43±8%, type IIX: 7±7%). Cheetahs had smaller fibres than humans, with larger fibres in the males compared to their female counterparts. Citrate synthase (16±6 vs. 28±7 µmol/min/g prot, P<0.05) and 3-hydroxyacetyl co-enzyme a dehydrogenase (30±11 vs. 47±15 µmol/min/g prot, P<0.05) activities were lower in cheetahs, whereas lactate dehydrogenase activity was 6 times higher in cheetahs (2159±827 vs. 382±161 µmol/min/g prot, P<0.001). The activities of creatine kinase (4765±1828 vs. 6485±1298, P<0.05 µmol/min/g prot) and phosphorylase (111±29 vs. 216±92 µmol/min/g prot) were higher in humans, irrespective of higher type IIX fibres in cheetahs. Superoxide dismutase and catalase, markers of antioxidant capacity, were higher in humans, but overall antioxidant capacity was higher in cheetahs. To conclude, fibre type, fibre size and metabolism differ between cheetahs and humans, with limited differences between the sexes.

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A novel description of the Vastus lateralis morphology of the Temminck's ground pangolin (Manis temminckii)

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Fiber type and metabolic characteristics of skeletal muscle in 16 breeds of domestic dogs

Fiber type and metabolic characteristics of skeletal muscle in 16 breeds of domestic dogs

Baselining physiological parameters in three muscles across three equine breeds. What can we learn from the horse?

Does sex matter in the cheetah? Insights into the skeletal muscle of the fastest land animal

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