A novel design of transitional layer structure between reduced activation ferritic martensitic steels and tungsten for plasma facing materials

Gräning, Tim; Tan, Lizhen; Robin, Ishtiaque; Katoh, Yutai; Yang, Ying

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.04.019

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…One possible approach could be to choose multiple layers of V-based alloys. This was shown by Gräning [150] where V-Cr-Ti and V-Cr-Al were used as two interlayers which maintained a fully BCC structure in a temperature range from 600 °C to 1150 °C V has been used as an element in steel because of the formation of V (C,N) precipitates which give rise to superior creep properties at high temperature [159]. V also shows a high-temperature strength and excellent thermal stress factor [160].…”

Section: Vanadium Interlayermentioning

confidence: 94%

“…One possible approach could be to choose multiple layers of V-based alloys. This was shown by Gräning [150] where V-Cr-Ti and V-Cr-Al were used as two interlayers which maintained a fully BCC structure in a temperature range from 600 • C to 1150 • C and just one interlayer without any graded composition is simply not going to reduce enough of the mechanical property gradient to accommodate stress resulting from thermomechanical loads in service conditions. One possible approach could be to choose multiple layers of V-based alloys.…”

Section: Vanadium Interlayermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, such a phase diagram is shown in Figure 9c, where a V-Cr-Ti 600 • C isotherm is presented. The BCC marked area includes all the possible compositions of V, Cr, and Ti which can maintain a BCC structure at 600 • C. One such composition that produces a BCC structure can be integrated with tungsten and 9-Cr steel, both of which have a BCC zone at 600 • C. Research conducted by Gräning et al [150] produced a transition structure between tungsten and steel where V-4Cr-4Ti was used as an interlayer in between tungsten and VCrAl to produce a smooth transition between tungsten and steel.…”

Section: Titanium Interlayermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One such composition that produces a BCC structure can be integrated with tungsten and 9-Cr steel, both of which have a BCC zone at 600 °C. Research conducted by Gräning et al [150] produced a transition structure between tungsten and steel where V-4Cr-4Ti was used as an interlayer in between tungsten and VCrAl to produce a smooth transition between tungsten and steel. From a standpoint of neutron activation, Ti is a suitable element to be used in transition materials for fusion reactors [102], which makes it a potential candidate fusion reactor material [151].…”

Section: Vanadium Interlayermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Tungsten—Steel Solid-State Bonding: Options and the Role of CALPHAD to Screen Diffusion Bonding Interlayers

Robin

Gräning

Yang

et al. 2023

Metals

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Critical aspects of innovative design in engineering disciplines like infrastructure, transportation, and medical applications require the joining of dissimilar materials. This study investigates the literature on solid-state bonding techniques, with a particular focus on diffusion bonding, as an effective method for establishing engineering bonds. Welding and brazing, while widely used, may pose challenges when joining materials with large differences in melting temperature and can lead to mechanical property degradation. In contrast, diffusion bonding offers a lower temperature process that relies on solid-state interactions to develop bond strength. The joining of tungsten and steel, especially for fusion reactors, presents a unique challenge due to the significant disparity in melting temperatures and the propensity to form brittle intermetallics. Here, diffusion characteristics of tungsten–steel interfaces are examined and the influence of bonding parameters on mechanical properties are investigated. Additionally, CALPHAD modeling is employed to explore joining parameters, thermal stability, and diffusion kinetics. The insights from this research can be extended to join numerous dissimilar materials for specific applications such as aerospace, automobile industry, power plants, etc., enabling advanced and robust design with high efficiency.

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Section: Vanadium Interlayermentioning

confidence: 94%

“…One possible approach could be to choose multiple layers of V-based alloys. This was shown by Gräning [150] where V-Cr-Ti and V-Cr-Al were used as two interlayers which maintained a fully BCC structure in a temperature range from 600 • C to 1150 • C and just one interlayer without any graded composition is simply not going to reduce enough of the mechanical property gradient to accommodate stress resulting from thermomechanical loads in service conditions. One possible approach could be to choose multiple layers of V-based alloys.…”

Section: Vanadium Interlayermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Titanium Interlayermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vanadium Interlayermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Tungsten—Steel Solid-State Bonding: Options and the Role of CALPHAD to Screen Diffusion Bonding Interlayers

Robin

Gräning

Yang

et al. 2023

Metals

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“…Metal material jetting is also deemed as unsuitable for fusion applications [38]. Studies will also use specific AM techniques as a proof of concept when analyzing a specific behavior [42][43][44]. LPBF, DED, and EBM are the most common techniques due to their suitability for producing W ideal for fusion purposes in ideal conditions.…”

Section: Challenges In Manufacturing Tungsten As a Pfmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Challenges of Additive Manufacturing of Tungsten and Alloys as Plasma-Facing Materials

Howard,

Parker,

2024

Materials

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Tungsten (W) and W alloys are considered as primary candidates for plasma-facing components (PFCs) that must perform in severe environments in terms of temperature, neutron fluxes, plasma effects, and irradiation bombardment. These materials are notoriously difficult to produce using additive manufacturing (AM) methods due to issues inherent to these techniques. The progress on applying AM techniques to W-based PFC applications is reviewed and the technical issues in selected manufacturing methods are discussed in this review. Specifically, we focus on the recent development and applications of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), electron beam melting (EBM), and direct energy deposition (DED) in W materials due to their abilities to preserve the properties of W as potential PFCs. Additionally, the existing literature on irradiation effects on W and W alloys is surveyed, with possible solutions to those issues therein addressed. Finally, the gaps in possible future research on additively manufactured W are identified and outlined.

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The path towards plasma facing components: A review of state-of-the-art in W-based refractory high-entropy alloys

Hatler,

Robin,

Kim

et al. 2025

Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science

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A novel design of transitional layer structure between reduced activation ferritic martensitic steels and tungsten for plasma facing materials

Cited by 10 publications

References 56 publications

Evaluation of Tungsten—Steel Solid-State Bonding: Options and the Role of CALPHAD to Screen Diffusion Bonding Interlayers

Evaluation of Tungsten—Steel Solid-State Bonding: Options and the Role of CALPHAD to Screen Diffusion Bonding Interlayers

Progress and Challenges of Additive Manufacturing of Tungsten and Alloys as Plasma-Facing Materials

The path towards plasma facing components: A review of state-of-the-art in W-based refractory high-entropy alloys

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