A novel design of triangular-shaped hexagonal fractal antenna for satellite communication

Abstract

Modern telecommunications systems required antennae along with wider bandwidths including the smaller dimension as compared to conventional possibly antennas [1,2]. It has initiated the antenna's research in various directions, one form which utilizes the fractal shape antenna's element [3,4]. There exist important relations between antenna dimensions and wavelengths. The relation states that if an antenna's sizes are lesser than the λ/4 then the antenna isn't effective because of the radiation's resistances, and gains, as well as the bandwidth, gets reduced [5,6]. Further, to overcome the limitation of the antenna's size got increased, which again problems with the handheld device. *Author for correspondence Fractal geometry is considered a pragmatic solution for the existing aforementioned problem [79]. The term fractal means the irregular or broken fragment. This is defined from Benoit's Mandelbrot derived from the Latin word 'fractus' that means fracture or the broken [1012]. The Fractal's antennas get inspired by the nature. A fractal antenna has two main properties that are space-filling as well as self-similarities [1315]. The space-filling properties reduced the size of antennas and this makes antennas electronically larger in the smaller physical spaces [1618]. Self-similarities property means that the patches of the antennas are subdivided into small parts as well as every smaller part is the smallest portion of the reduced sizes of main geometries [1922].