A novel development of HPC without cement: Mechanical properties and sustainability evaluation

Mostafaei, Hasan; Bahmani, Hadi; Mostofinejad, Davood; Wu, Chengqing

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107262

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…A life cycle assessment comprehensively evaluates a product, process, or service's environmental impacts across all stages of its life cycle [50]. It begins with raw material extraction and processing (cradle), traverses manufacturing, distribution, and utilization, and concludes with recycling or disposal (grave).…”

Section: Life Cycle Assessment (Lca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing Concrete Grade for a Sustainable Structural Design in Saudi Arabia

Almulhim,

Al Masmoum

2024

Buildings

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Buildings and facilities undergo several stages: the product stage, the construction stage, the use stage, the end-of-life stage, and the recycling stage. The life cycle of any facility or building contributes to embodied carbon (EC) emissions. The product stage, also known as the cradle-to-gate stage (A1–A3), registers the highest emissions, estimated to account for 70% of the total environmental impact. The continuing population growth in Saudi Arabia necessitates urgent action to identify and implement solutions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating environmental risks. This study investigates the optimal method to analyze the grade of concrete for specific structural elements (columns) in a particular work area, adhering to accurate and methodological standards outlined in the Saudi Building Code (SBC). The bill of quantities (BOQ) determined the amount of building materials for the structure considered in this study. Reliable embedded carbon coefficients (ECCs) for structural materials such as concrete and steel were determined following life cycle assessment principles. They were analyzed using the Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE; Version 2.0) and Global Warming Potential (GWP). The obtained values varied based on the components of each mixture. This study determined the cost of each concrete mixture and steel, selecting the optimal mixture based on both EC and material cost. Since the quantity of cement significantly affects EC emissions in a concrete mixture, it is essential to select appropriate plasticizers and concrete types. This study evaluated the C30, C40, C50, C60, and C70 mixtures. Among these, the C70 mixture demonstrated the best environmental impact and was the least expensive compared to the basic C40 mixture for the estimated quantities of concrete and steel. The estimated reductions in cost and environmental impact were 33% and 27%, respectively. This groundbreaking study paves the way for low-carbon structural design in large hotels across Saudi Arabia, offering valuable insights for future projects and contributing significantly to energy conservation.

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Section: Life Cycle Assessment (Lca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The investigation into compressive strength ratios involved a comprehensive methodology. An online resource, Circular Ecology [50], was utilized for data collection purposes. Manual calculations were performed to explore Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) for various mixtures featuring distinct compressive strengths.…”

Section: Study Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Concrete Grade for a Sustainable Structural Design in Saudi Arabia

Almulhim,

Al Masmoum

2024

Buildings

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“…Traditional building materials such as ordinary Portland cement (OPC) are potentially harmful to energy consumption and the environment, and this has stimulated the sustainable development of the construction industry [1,2]. The development of sustainable and low-energy geopolymer technology for the reutilization of industrial wastes or by-products has attracted increasing attention in today's resource-constrained and critical environment [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of alkali cations balances the charge deficit of aluminum ions in four-fold coordination. Generally, geopolymerization consists of three essential steps: (1) the alkali solution dissolves the amorphous phases derived from solid raw materials to produce reactive species such as reactive silica and alumina; (2) the dissolved reactive metal ions form monomers after the reorientation reaction, which includes transportation and the orientation process; and (3) the monomers form three-dimensional aluminosilicate gels during polycondensation and polymerization reactions [17]. The resulting geopolymer with excellent performance (e.g., high early compressive strength and resistance to high temperatures, acids, and freeze-thaw cycles) may be an alternative to OPC in infrastructure construction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Performance and Reaction Mechanism of Untreated Steel Slag Used as a Microexpanding Agent in Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers

Zang,

Yao,

et al. 2024

Buildings

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Steel slag is an industrial by-product of the steelmaking process, which is under-utilized and of low value due to its characteristics. Alkali-activated technology offers the possibility of high utilization and increased value of steel slag. A geopolymer composition was composed of steel slag, fly ash, and calcium hydroxide. Four experimental groups utilizing steel slag to substitute fly ash are established based on varying replacement levels: 35%, 40%, 45%, and 50% by mass. The final samples were characterized by compressive strength tests, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy measurements, thermogravimetric measurements, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and mercury intrusion porosimetry were used to investigate the chemical composition and microstructure of the final products. Higher steel slag/fly ash ratios lead to a lower bulk density and lower compressive strength. The compressive strength ranges from 3.7 MPa to 5.6 MPa, and the bulk density ranges from 0.85 g/cm3 to 1.13 g/cm3. Microstructural and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses show that the final geopolymer products were a type of composite consisting of both calcium aluminate silicate hydrate and sodium aluminate silicate hydrate, with the unreacted crystalline phases acting as fillers.

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“…Conversely, the synergistic impact of incorporating recycled PET alongside complementary binding agents such as lime, ash, and cement serves to enhance soil strength through the improvement of interlocking mechanisms among soil particles. This, in turn, contributes to the increase in both cohesive properties and the angle of friction within the soil [14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Feasibility of Using Recycled PET Strips with Palm Leaf Ash for Sustainable Soil Stabilization

Khalid,

Alshawmar

2023

Sustainability

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This research paper addresses the urgent environmental concern of waste management by focusing on sustainable consumption by utilizing waste plastic and palm leaves to stabilize soil in geotechnical engineering. The study examines the impact of incorporating recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) strips and palm leaf ash (PLA) into clayey sand to enhance its engineering properties. The investigation involved mixing varying proportions of recycled PET strips (10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm in length) with clayey sand, ranging from 0% to 2% by weight of the soil with a 0.5% increment for PET strips. Similarly, PLA was mixed with the clayey sand at proportions ranging from 0% to 12% by weight of the soil with a 3% increment. The strength parameters of lateritic soil were analyzed through the execution of unconfined compressive strength (UCS), triaxial, and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests. The optimum mixture was determined to be 2% recycled PET strips with a length of 30 mm and 12% PLA by weight of the soil. This specific combination exhibited significantly improved strength parameters for the lateritic soil, highlighting its potential for sustainable soil stabilization in geotechnical applications.

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A novel development of HPC without cement: Mechanical properties and sustainability evaluation

Cited by 21 publications

References 45 publications

Optimizing Concrete Grade for a Sustainable Structural Design in Saudi Arabia

Optimizing Concrete Grade for a Sustainable Structural Design in Saudi Arabia

The Performance and Reaction Mechanism of Untreated Steel Slag Used as a Microexpanding Agent in Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers

Exploring the Feasibility of Using Recycled PET Strips with Palm Leaf Ash for Sustainable Soil Stabilization

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