A novel dual high-energy X-ray imaging method for materials discrimination

Abbasi, Sajjad; Mohammadzadeh, Mohammad; Zamzamian, Seyed Mehrdad

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2019.03.064

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Zhou et al [22] combined dual-energy X-ray with Geant4 simulation image processing technology, and used the R-value method to effectively identify coal and gangue of various shapes and thicknesses. Abbasi et al [23] proposed a linear function fitting method as a basis for obtaining atomic numbers of uncertain materials, which provided the possibility of separating the atomic numbers of substances with unit resolution. Wang et al [24] combined the receptive field module with the U-Net model to provide a reference to address the issue of gangue clinging or obscuring impacting the precision of intelligent recognition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Gangue Sorting System Based on Dual-Energy X-ray and Improved YOLOv5 Algorithm

Qin,

Kou,

Han

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Intelligent gangue sorting with high precision is of vital importance for improving coal quality. To tackle the challenges associated with coal gangue target detection, including algorithm performance imbalance and hardware deployment difficulties, in this paper, an intelligent gangue separation system that adopts the elevated YOLO-v5 algorithm and dual-energy X-rays is proposed. Firstly, images of dual-energy X-ray transmission coal gangue mixture under the actual operation of a coal mine were collected, and datasets for training and validation were self-constructed. Then, in the YOLOv5 backbone network, the EfficientNetv2 was used to replace the original cross stage partial darknet (CSPDarknet) to achieve the lightweight of the backbone network; in the neck, a light path aggregation network (LPAN) was designed based on PAN, and a convolutional block attention module (CBAM) was integrated into the BottleneckCSP of the feature fusion block to raise the feature acquisition capability of the network and maximize the learning effect. Subsequently, to accelerate the rate of convergence, an efficient intersection over union (EIOU) was used instead of the complete intersection over union (CIOU) loss function. Finally, to address the problem of low resolution of small targets leading to missed detection, an L2 detection head was introduced to the head section to improve the multi-scale target detection performance of the algorithm. The experimental results indicate that in comparison with YOLOv5-S, the same version of the algorithm proposed in this paper increases by 19.2% and 32.4% on mAP @.5 and mAP @.5:.95, respectively. The number of parameters decline by 51.5%, and the calculation complexity declines by 14.7%. The algorithm suggested in this article offers new ideas for the design of identification algorithms for coal gangue sorting systems, which is expected to save energy and reduce consumption, reduce labor, improve efficiency, and be more friendly to the embedded platform.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Gangue Sorting System Based on Dual-Energy X-ray and Improved YOLOv5 Algorithm

Qin,

Kou,

Han

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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“…The accuracy of these systems is so high that methods of hiding drugs inside other materials, poisoning drugs to make them unidentifiable by search dogs, and the like are not effective. For these reasons, these systems are considered the best type of scanning in the world (5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Flexible Shield From Lead With High Protection Against X-rays in Operating Room Using Monte Carlo Simulation

Khosravi,

Ghazikhanlu Sani,

Nikzad

et al. 2023

Avicenna J Care Health Oper Room

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Background: The use of non-flexible lead shields in X-ray detection systems requires a high cost, and it is heavy and subject to frequent cracks and fractures. Therefore, the shield should be designed in a way that has less weight, appropriate efficiency in reducing ionizing radiation, and a more reasonable price. Methods: In the operating room using the MCNPX (Monte Carlo N-Particle extended) code, the shield compounds were modeled to determine the optimal composition (with less weight, higher efficiency in removing ionizing radiation, and in more appropriate price), and then the amount of dose was calculated around the lead chamber with 10 cm from the walls of a detection system. Results: Using a weight combination of 80% lead and 20% polyvinyl chloride was a suitable option in the diagnostic radiology domain which has less weight, lower cost, and good efficiency in reducing X-rays compared to lead shields. Conclusion: The amount of dosage rate on all sides outside the chamber became less than 1 µSv/h, indicating that the combination of lead and polyvinyl chloride is suitable for the body of the chamber.

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“…This technology is indeed sensitive to the electronic density, but it is not always able to clarify the nature of the materials. Specific imaging techniques have been developed to enhance the contrast between high-, intermediate-and low-atomic-number elements, such as dual-energy X-ray radiography [1][2][3][4][5], combined fast-neutron and gamma-or X-ray radiography [6], or transmission radiography with spectroscopic detectors [7]. However, despite the constant improvements in imaging techniques, discriminating illicit and benign substances made of light organic elements with similar densities and effective atomic numbers (Z eff ) remains difficult, especially in the case of cargo materials of different compositions overlapped inside the container.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This performance has been validated in laboratory conditions [44,45] and the system has been implemented in the seaport of Rijeka, Croatia, to perform a demonstration on real cargo containers [46]. Panel (2) of Figure 3 shows the neutron time-of-flight (converted to flight path) and gamma-ray spectra acquired in 10 min with a drum containing 75 kg of , which is used as a TNT (C 7 H 5 O 6 N 3 ) surrogate in terms of C, N, and O chemical proportions. The drum is placed in the middle of an iron cargo with a 0.2 g.cm À3 average density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea container inspection with tagged neutrons

Pérot

Carasco

Eléon

et al. 2021

EPJ Nuclear Sci. Technol.

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Neutron inspection of sea-going cargo containers has been widely studied in the past 20 yr to non-intrusively detect terrorist threats, like explosives or Special Nuclear Materials (SNM), and illicit goods, like narcotics or smuggling materials. Fast 14 MeV neutrons are produced by a portable generator with the t(d, n)α fusion reaction, and tagged in both direction and time thanks to the alpha particle detection. This Associated Particle Technique (APT) allows focusing inspection on specific areas of interest in the containers, previously identified as containing suspicious items with X-ray radiographic scanners or radiation portal monitors. We describe the principle of APT for non-nuclear material identification, and for nuclear material detection, then we provide illustrations of the performances for 10 min inspections with significant quantities (kilograms) of explosives, illicit drugs, or SNM, in different cargo cover loads (e.g. metallic, organic, or ceramic matrices).

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A novel dual high-energy X-ray imaging method for materials discrimination

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

Intelligent Gangue Sorting System Based on Dual-Energy X-ray and Improved YOLOv5 Algorithm

Intelligent Gangue Sorting System Based on Dual-Energy X-ray and Improved YOLOv5 Algorithm

Designing Flexible Shield From Lead With High Protection Against X-rays in Operating Room Using Monte Carlo Simulation

Sea container inspection with tagged neutrons

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