A novel dual-inductor based charge equalizer for traction battery cells of electric vehicles

Dai, Haifeng; Wei, Xuezhe; Sun, Zhonghui; Wang, Daizhuang

doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.12.053

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Obviously, such a class of balancing approaches are energy-efficient and have the potential to achieve a balancing state quickly [11]. In this regard, various active balancing protocols have been proposed using different hardware components, including inductor based [15], capacitor based [16], and bi-directional DC-DC converter based [17].…”

Section: B Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Run-to-Run Control for Active Balancing of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Packs

Tang

Zou

Wik

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

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Lithium iron phosphate battery packs are widely employed for energy storage in electrified vehicles and power grids. However, their flat voltage curves rendering the weakly observable state of charge are a critical stumbling block for charge equalization management. This paper focuses on realtime active balancing of series-connected lithium iron phosphate batteries. In the absence of accurate in-situ state information in the voltage plateau, a balancing current ratio (BCR) based algorithm is proposed for battery balancing. Then, BCR-based and voltage-based algorithms are fused, responsible for the balancing task within and beyond the voltage plateau, respectively. The balancing process is formulated as a batch-based run-to-run control problem, as the first time in the research area of battery management. The control algorithm acts in two timescales, including time-wise control within each batch run and batch-wise control at the end of each batch. Hardware-in-the-loop experiments demonstrate that the proposed balancing algorithm is able to release 97.1% of the theoretical capacity and can improve the capacity utilization by 5.7% from its benchmarking algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can be coded in C language with the binary code in 118,328 bytes only and thus is readily implementable in real-time.

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Section: B Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, the BCR for the next refueling batch was obtained from the previous refueling process, rather than the adjacent working process. The initial referenced BCR in (15) was BCR ref s=1 = 0. The elementḠ j in (27) was chosen as 5 for refueling batches and −5 for working batches.…”

Section: Experimental Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Run-to-Run Control for Active Balancing of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Packs

Tang

Zou

Wik

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

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“…Many equalizers based on an inductor are designed in the literature. Dual-inductor based charge equalizer energy is proposed for transfer energy from high-voltage cells to the battery module directly in [24]. The advantages are that it is easy to implement, has a simple structure, and a simple control, but it is not suitable when the batteries that need to be balanced are numerous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Energy-bus battery equalization topology based on the Cuk circuit is proposed in [27], which allows the cell-pack equalization. Numerous equalization algorithms have been researched, which mainly include strategy based on open-circuit voltage (OCV) [24], a method based on voltage difference [16], a method based on the state of charge (SOC) [23,26,[28][29][30], and a method based on residual available energy [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Layered Bidirectional Active Equalization Method for Retired Power Lithium-Ion Batteries for Energy Storage Applications

et al. 2020

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The power from lithium-ion batteries can be retired from electric vehicles (EVs) and can be used for energy storage applications when the residual capacity is up to 70% of their initial capacity. The retired batteries have characteristics of serious inconsistency. In order to solve this problem, a layered bidirectional active equalization topology is proposed in this paper. Specifically, a bridge-type equalization topology based on an inductor is adopted in the bottom layer, and the distributed equalization topological structure based on the bidirectional BUCK-BOOST circuit is adopted in the top layer. State of charge (SOC) is used as the equalization target variable, and the bottom layer equalization algorithm based on a “partition” idea and route optimization is proposed. The static equalization experiments and charge equalization experiments are performed by the 12 retired batteries selected from an electric sanitation vehicle. The results show that the proposed equalization method can reduce the SOC difference between retired batteries and can effectively improve the inconsistency of the retired battery pack with a faster equalization speed.

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“…As energy can only be transferred between adjacent batteries, there are disadvantages such as long equalisation paths, slow equalisation speed, and low efficiency. In order to solve this problem, researchers have proposed an improved method to shorten the equalisation path and speed up the equalisation by increasing the capacitance [5,6], inductance [7,8], or coupling inductance [9,10]. However, such equalisation circuits still cannot realise the direct transfer of energy between arbitrary cells and increase the complexity of the circuits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel voltage equalisation circuit of the lithium battery pack based on bidirectional flyback converter

Xiong

Song

Shi

et al. 2020

IET Power Electronics

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Lithium batteries have become the main power source for new energy vehicles due to their high energy density and low self-discharge rate. In actual use of series battery packs, due to battery internal resistance, self-discharge rate and other factors, inconsistencies between the individual cells inevitably exist. Such inconsistencies will reduce the energy utilisation rate and service life of the battery pack, and even endanger its battery system safety. To improve the inconsistency of series battery packs, this study innovatively proposes an equalisation method based on a flyback converter. The residual power of a single cell is used as an index of inconsistency. A simple and reliable flyback converter is used to achieve balanced energy in the entire group, which make the energy is transferred between any batteries. Compared with the traditional equalisation topology, the equalisation topology proposed in this study reduces the number of components and reduces the volume of the equalisation system. Moreover, the primary side of the energy transfer only needs a set of control signals, which reduces the control difficulty. A series of equalisation experiments were performed using 12 series of battery cells. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed new equalisation method.

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A novel dual-inductor based charge equalizer for traction battery cells of electric vehicles

Cited by 25 publications

References 25 publications

Run-to-Run Control for Active Balancing of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Packs

Run-to-Run Control for Active Balancing of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Packs

A Layered Bidirectional Active Equalization Method for Retired Power Lithium-Ion Batteries for Energy Storage Applications

Novel voltage equalisation circuit of the lithium battery pack based on bidirectional flyback converter

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