A novel electrochemical biosensor based on signal amplification of Au HFGNs/PnBA-MXene nanocomposite for the detection of miRNA-122 as a biomarker of breast cancer

Recent advances using MXenes in biomedical applications

“…In general, gold nanoparticles are incorporated, especially for the conjugation of DNA probes. [144][145][146][147][148] The sensing range for miRNA, [144][145][146] DNA/RNA, 147,149 or genes 148 is lower than BnM. For the sensing of proteins (e.g., cTnI, 150,151 H5N1 viral proteins, 152 IL-6 153,154 or Sortase A 142 ), detection limits reach as low as Bfg mL À1 .…”

“…In general, gold nanoparticles are incorporated, especially for the conjugation of DNA probes. 144–148 The sensing range for miRNA, 144–146 DNA/RNA, 147,149 or genes 148 is lower than ∼nM. For the sensing of proteins ( e.g.…”

Nanomaterials in electrochemical nanobiosensors of miRNAs

“…After that, H2 attached to AuNPs was replaced with miRNA-21 through a strand displacement amplification. 126 The miRNAs were then released to trigger the binding of the magnetic beads/H1 and AuNRs/H2, developing a network-like structure. Afterward, propargyl-2-bromoisobutyrate (PBIB) molecules were attached to the 3′ end on H2 to start atom transfer radical polymerization (eATRP) after the addition of ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate (FMMA) monomers.…”

“…This sensor showed good stability, reproducibility, and specificity. 126 Mohammadniaei et al developed an electrochemical sensor for miRNA-21 and miRNA-141 detection. MXene-Ti 3 C 2 T x modified with AuNPs were captured on the screenprinted gold electrode.…”

“…It was capable of successfully detecting miRNA-196a in plasma Fig. 12 (A) Electrochemical detection of exosomal miRNA using strand displacement amplification 126 through dumbbell hybridization chain reaction (DHCR), 165 (B) three-dimensional magnetic DNA nanospheres for miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 detection. 169 samples of PC patients.…”