2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122736
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A novel electrochemical sensor based on process-formed laccase-like catalyst to degrade polyhydroquinone for tumor marker

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Cited by 16 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…After the antibody was modified on the surface of the immunomagnetic beads, BSA acted as a blocking agent to block any possible remaining active sites and prevent the non-specific adsorption of proteins in complex biological samples. The resulting biosensor still has good sensitivity and specificity performance and an anti-fouling effect [66][67][68][69][70][71]97].…”
Section: Bovine Serum Albumin (Bsa)mentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…After the antibody was modified on the surface of the immunomagnetic beads, BSA acted as a blocking agent to block any possible remaining active sites and prevent the non-specific adsorption of proteins in complex biological samples. The resulting biosensor still has good sensitivity and specificity performance and an anti-fouling effect [66][67][68][69][70][71]97].…”
Section: Bovine Serum Albumin (Bsa)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These materials include PEG and its derivatives [44][45][46][47][48][49], zwitterionic polymers [41,[50][51][52], peptides [53][54][55][56][57], and hydrogels [58][59][60][61], among others [62][63][64]. A new method has been developed in recent years, whereby the immunorecognition and signal readout platforms are separated, and the anti-fouling material is used to modify magnetic beads instead of the electrode's surface, resulting in good conductivity of the electrode [65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72]. The immunological recognition process occurs on the magnetic beads' surface, taking advantage of the large specific surface area of functionalized magnetic beads to increase the sites for antibody binding.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…根据检测原理和方法,体外诊断可主要分为:生化诊断、分子诊断、微生物诊断和免疫诊断 [2] 。 分子诊断是以分子生物学方法为基础,对遗传物质的结构或表达水平进行检测的技术 [2] 。如核 酸检测利用的就是分子诊断方法,将病毒的RNA序列通过逆转录酶反转录为DNA并进行扩增,利用 特异性Taqman探针对扩增得到的DNA"打上标记" ,与靶标序列杂交时会产生荧光信号并被记录下 来进行判断(图1) [3] 。临床上,分子诊断还被应用于肿瘤早筛,针对明确的肿瘤进行相关标志物或基 因检测可对肿瘤情况、病因、治疗效果、预后等进行评估。 图1 RT-PCR检测原理(Taqman探针法) [3] 免疫诊断是我国体外诊断领域中规模最大、市场上产品最多、发展速度不断加快的领域之一。 从荧光免疫分析(fluorescene immunoassay,FIA) [4] ,放射免疫分析(radio immunoassay,RIA) [5] ,免 疫胶体金 [6] ,酶免疫分析(enzyme immunoassay,EIA) [7] 到化学发光免疫分析(chemiluminescence immunoassay,CLIA) [8] ,免疫诊断领域不断发展。化学发光免疫分析方法相较于其他的免疫诊断技 术不必使用放射性元素来标记,同时具有更高的稳定性,与其他技术的结合也给化学发光免疫分析 技术的发展带来新的契机。其在食品、环境等领域都有使用,但在临床上我国从20世纪90年代才得 到应用,而在欧美等国家,化学发光免疫技术已经在临床项目中得到普及,自动化仪器的生产制造 已进入成熟期。 微生物诊断是指利用病人的痰、尿、血液、穿刺液及创伤口等处的原液来扩大培养,最终确定 微生物的种类和浓度,从而判断病人的致病机理的方法 [9] 。临床上最常见的微生物诊断就是尿常规 检测和大便常规检测,可以判断出体内的炎症情况。 生化检测是指通过基于生物化学反应,对人体内的大分子如蛋白质、糖类、脂肪,小分子如无 机元素等的体外诊断方法 [2] 。临床上可以通过生化诊断实现对肝功能、肾功能、血糖、血脂等的检 查。 2 化学发光免疫分析的原理和分类 化学发光免疫分析结合了化学发光反应和免疫学的特点,通过将发光物质或酶标记在抗原或抗 体上,抗原或抗体与待测物质发生特异性结合,随后加入氧化剂、化学发光底物或是电压的激发, 通过氧化剂氧化发光物质,酶催化发光底物或是发光物质在电压的激发下形成高能的激发态,由于 激发态不稳定,再回到基态过程中会以光的形式释放出能量,同时由于待测物浓度与发光强度在一 定条件下呈线性定量关系,因此借助仪器检测发光的强度就可以确定待测物的含量 [10] 。以测定人绒 毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)为例(图2), 待测物HCG首先与酶标记的抗体以及发光标记物标记的抗体反应, 形成双抗体夹心复合物,随后再加入与含有与发光标记物结合的磁珠,通过磁铁将复合物聚集,最 后加入发光底物产生光信号进行定量 [11] [12] 、癌胚抗原(CEA) [13] 、糖类抗原(CA125、CA153、 CA19-9) [14,15] 、人附睾蛋白(HE4) [16] 、磷状细胞癌相关抗原(SCC) [17] 、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE) [18] 、 高尔基体蛋白(GP73) [19] 等的检测。若标志物在人体内的含量升高,可以初步判断是否患有肝癌、胃 肠道癌症、卵巢癌、子宫癌等癌症或是患有相关癌症的倾向。同时,在术后对这些指标进行检测还 可以判断恢复情况。如正常人血清中利用化学发光法检测到的CA153参考值上限为35 U•mL −1 [20] ,若 高于该值,那么就判断患者可能患有乳腺癌或是一些其他的恶性肿瘤,需要进一步的检测来明确诊 断。而乳腺癌患者中若体内CA153的值相比前次诊断升高,那么就可能显示着病情的恶化,若无变 化则意味着病情稳定。 除了应用于肿瘤标志物检测外,化学发光免疫分析法还被应用于各类疾病的筛查。如对各类激 素及其代谢产物包括人绒毛膜促性激素(total hCG) [21] 、甲状腺素(total T4) [22] 、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸 激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌红蛋白(Mb) [23] 、甲型肝炎病毒抗体IgM (抗-HAVIgM) [24] 等相关的联合检 测,可以判断关于甲状腺、肝脏、肾脏、心血管、血液等方面疾病的患病可能性。在产前筛查中, 应用化学发光法对游离-β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(free β-hCG)、抑制素A (INH A)和胎盘生长因子 (PLGF)等进行检测,可以对胎儿是否患有唐氏综合症和神经管缺陷疾病进行初步判断 [25] 。通过对转 铁蛋白(TRF)、铁蛋白(FER)、可溶性转铁蛋白受体(sTfR)、叶酸(FA)和维生素B 12 (VB12)等进行检测 则可以进行贫血的诊断以及原因判断 [26] 。对皮质醇(Cortisol)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、生长激素 (GH)和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3 (IGFBP-3)等进行检测可以判断是否有皮质醇增多症、...…”
Section: 体外诊断技术介绍unclassified
“…EC assays provide a powerful and promising tool for the development of sensitive detection of proteins due to their rapidity, robustness, sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, and environmental insensitivity toward electroactive labels. With the impressive sensitivity demonstrated so far, they have the potential to replace ELISA in certain applications, especially those involving point-of-care testing and in vitro diagnosis. In the case of proteins, EC assays can analyze samples with target concentrations 5–6 orders of magnitude lower than traditional ELISA. , However, most existing EC methods are still unable to accurately detect trace amounts of protein.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%