A Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based on Metal Ion Infiltrated Block Copolymer Thin Films for Sensitive and Selective Determination of Dopamine

Abstract

An electrochemical sensor using copper oxide nanodots (CuO nanodots–ITO) developed from a block copolymer template is demonstrated for sensitive and selective determination of dopamine (DA). The current signal of CuO nanodots–ITO was linear with the concentration of DA in the range between 0.12 and 56.87 μM (R = 0.9975) with a sensitivity of 326.91 μA mM–1 cm–2 and a detection limit of 0.03 μM. Furthermore, the anti-interference ability of the present sensor to possible interfering substances including ascorbic acid, uric acid, acetaminophen, epinephrine, hydrogen peroxide, phenol, catechol, hydroquinone, and some inorganic compounds has been investigated. Our work highlights the significance of using a bottom-up nanofabrication technique to create a robust and reliable dopamine sensor that has critical importance in neurological disorders.

Block Copolymer Templated WO3 Surface Nanolines as Catalysts for Enhanced Epinephrine Sensing and the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

“…The fabrication process for the WO 3 NLs‐ITO electrode is outlined in Scheme 1. This is a modified version of the strategy utilised in our previous studies to create both iron oxide and copper oxide nanostructures for sensing applications [34,35] …”

“…This is a modified version of the strategy utilised in our previous studies to create both iron oxide and copper oxide nanostructures for sensing applications. [34,35] The PS-b-P4VP films were spin-coated onto ITO substrates at a concentration of 0.75 % w/w and were annealed in a chloroform atmosphere for approximately 1 hour. The Solvent Vapor Annealing (SVA) process enabled the BCP films to self-assemble into a parallel cylindrical structure with periodicity of 36�1 nm.…”

“…[30,32,33] In relation to electrochemical applications, our previous reports document how a BCP-based approach can be exploited to create enhanced sensing devices using templated CuO and Fe 2 O 3 nanosurfaces. [34,35] On account of the success of these studies, it seemed critical to further explore the capability of BCPtemplated structures as catalytic devices.…”

“…Owing to their high scalability and low cost, BCP‐templated nanomaterials have found applications in many emerging technologies including nanoporous membranes, antireflective surfaces, chemical sensing, and photocatalysis, as described in the following reviews [30,32,33] . In relation to electrochemical applications, our previous reports document how a BCP‐based approach can be exploited to create enhanced sensing devices using templated CuO and Fe 2 O 3 nanosurfaces [34,35] . On account of the success of these studies, it seemed critical to further explore the capability of BCP‐templated structures as catalytic devices.…”

Solvent Vapor Annealing, Defect Analysis, and Optimization of Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers Using Machine Learning Approaches

“…[16][17][18] These nanopatterned substrates have also seen use as catalysts for growth of ordered nanowire arrays, [19][20][21] as a platform for protein detection, 22,23 separation membranes, [24][25][26][27] surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates, [28][29][30] anti-reflective coatings in photovoltaics, [31][32][33] and chemical and biomedical sensors. [34][35][36][37] The self-assembly of a monolayer of a given BCP on a flat, featureless surface results in a polycrystalline morphology with uncorrelated nano-to micron-sized domains, with a significant concentration of defects. 38 The ITRS (now IDRS roadmap) has specified a target of a maximum defectivity of ~1 per 100 cm -2 , [39][40][41][42][43] which is several orders of magnitude lower than that quantified in patterns derived from these monolayers of self-assembled BCPs.…”