A Novel Ensemble-Based Technique for the Preemptive Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia Using Clinical Data

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by numerous genetic and environmental factors leading to musculoskeletal system pain. RA may damage other tissues and organs, causing complications that severely reduce patients’ quality of life. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 1.71 billion individuals worldwide had musculoskeletal problems in 2021. Rheumatologists face challenges in the early detection of RA since its symptoms are similar to other illnesses, and there is no definitive test to diagnose the disease. Accordingly, it is preferable to profit from the power of computational intelligence techniques that can identify hidden patterns to diagnose RA early. Although multiple studies were conducted to diagnose RA early, they showed unsatisfactory performance, with the highest accuracy of 87.5% using imaging data. Yet, imaging data requires diagnostic tools that are challenging to collect and examine and are more costly. Recent studies indicated that neither a blood test nor a physical finding could early confirm the diagnosis. Therefore, this study proposes a novel ensemble technique for the preemptive prediction of RA and investigates the possibility of diagnosing the disease using clinical data before the symptoms appear. Two datasets were obtained from King Fahad University Hospital (KFUH), Dammam, Saudi Arabia, including 446 patients, with 251 positive cases of RA and 195 negative cases of RA. Two experiments were conducted where the former was developed without upsampling the dataset, and the latter was carried out using an upsampled dataset. Multiple machine learning (ML) algorithms were utilized to assemble the novel voting ensemble, including support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), and adaptive boosting (Adaboost). The results indicated that clinical laboratory tests fed to the proposed voting ensemble technique could accurately diagnose RA preemptively with an accuracy, recall, and precision of 94.03%, 96.00%, and 93.51%, respectively, with 30 clinical features when utilizing the original data and sequential forward feature selection (SFFS) technique. It is concluded that deploying the proposed model in local hospitals can contribute to introducing a method that aids medical specialists in preemptively diagnosing RA and stopping or delaying the course using clinical laboratory tests.

Diagnostic Tool for Early Detection of Rheumatic Disorders Using Machine Learning Algorithm and Predictive Models

“…In the case of OA, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and AUC values of 90.8%, 91.4%, 90.2%, 91.4%, and 0.96, respectively, were achieved. In the study by Olatunji et al [48], the results for the classification of RA disorders using 30 clinical features and an ensemble voting technique achieved performance accuracy, recall, and precision rates of 94.03%, 96.00%, and 93.51%, respectively. In a related ensemble detection technique for RA by Ho et al [39], detection accuracy rates of 97.50% and 94.84%, respectively were reported.…”

Early Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy Utilizing Advanced Fuzzy Logic Techniques

“…The application of artificial neuro-fuzzy inference in the diagnosis of DR was discussed in reference [11], paralleling the recent trend of employing machine learning algorithms in the early diagnosis of other chronic diseases [12][13][14][15][16]. These studies have delved into a variety of machine learning algorithms, including the Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbour, Adaptive Boosting, Extreme Gradient Boosting, and Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique, and juxtaposed their results with prior research.…”

Deep Learning Approach to Recyclable Products Classification: Towards Sustainable Waste Management

“…Nonetheless, the proposed model in the current study utilized garbage classification data from Kaggle, as studies in [22,34] used the same data with CNN model and achieved accuracy of 82% and 86%, respectively. Furthermore, several computational intelligent methods are investigated for health informatics and public safety with promising results [39][40][41][42]. Therefore, this study proposed a deep learning model for waste management.…”