A Novel Enzootic Nasal Tumor Virus Circulating in Goats from Southern China

Zhai, Shao‐Lun; Lv, Dian-Hong; Xu, Zhouyi; Yu, Jieshi; Zhang, He; Chen, Qin-Ling; Jia, Chun-Ling; Zhou, Xiu-Rong; Zhai, Qixiao; Li, Feng; Woo, Patrick C. Y.; Lau, Susanna K. P.; Wang, Dan Dan; Wei, Wen-Kang

doi:10.3390/v11100956

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…ENA has also been described in goats and is associated with another betaretrovirus similar to JSRV named enzootic nasal tumour virus of goats (ENTV-2) [ 47 ]. ENA in goats seems to be expanding in China, and ENTV-2 isolates showed significant genetic differences from reported European ones [ 73 , 74 ]. Pathological descriptions in these cases showed some particular aspects which may be related to the differences observed between the Chinese and European isolates [ 73 , 74 ].…”

Section: Enzootic Nasal Adenocarcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ENA in goats seems to be expanding in China, and ENTV-2 isolates showed significant genetic differences from reported European ones [ 73 , 74 ]. Pathological descriptions in these cases showed some particular aspects which may be related to the differences observed between the Chinese and European isolates [ 73 , 74 ]. In addition, a nasal adenocarcinoma in sheep associated with JSRV but not with ENTV-1 has been recently reported in Ireland [ 75 ].…”

Section: Enzootic Nasal Adenocarcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neoplasia-Associated Wasting Diseases with Economic Relevance in the Sheep Industry

Heras

Borobia

Ortı́n

2021

Animals

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We review three neoplastic wasting diseases affecting sheep generally recorded under common production cycles and with epidemiological and economic relevance in sheep-rearing countries: small intestinal adenocarcinoma (SIA), ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) and enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma (ENA). SIA is prevalent in Australia and New Zealand but present elsewhere in the world. This neoplasia is a tubular or signet-ring adenocarcinoma mainly located in the middle or distal term of the small intestine. Predisposing factors and aetiology are not known, but genetic factors or environmental carcinogens may be involved. OPA is a contagious lung cancer caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) and has been reported in most sheep-rearing countries, resulting in significant economic losses. The disease is clinically characterized by a chronic respiratory process as a consequence of the development of lung adenocarcinoma. Diagnosis is based on the detection of JSRV in the tumour lesion by immunohistochemistry and PCR. In vivo diagnosis may be difficult, mainly in preclinical cases. ENA is a neoplasia of glands of the nasal mucosa and is associated with enzootic nasal tumour virus 1 (ENTV-1), which is similar to JSRV. ENA enzootically occurs in many countries of the world with the exception of Australia and New Zealand. The pathology associated with this neoplasia corresponds with a space occupying lesion histologically characterized as a low-grade adenocarcinoma. The combination of PCR and immunohistochemistry for diagnosis is advised.

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Section: Enzootic Nasal Adenocarcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Enzootic Nasal Adenocarcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Neoplasia-Associated Wasting Diseases with Economic Relevance in the Sheep Industry

Heras

Borobia

Ortı́n

2021

Animals

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“…The viral genome sequences isolated from different provinces have been obtained and analyzed, which enriches the genetic information of ENTV-2 and will be helpful for further understanding the geographical distribution and evolutionary characteristics of ENTV-2. In addition, ENTV-1 infection in sheep has not been reported, suggesting a potential outbreak of ENTV-2 in China [7,[123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130]. As OPA and JSRV have been reported in different sheep breeding regions in China, researchers should focus on understanding ENTV infection in both goats and sheep.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress on Emerging Viral Pathogens of Small Ruminants in China during the Last Decade

Fei

et al. 2022

Viruses

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China is the country with the largest number of domestic small ruminants in the world. Recently, the intensive and large-scale sheep/goat raising industry has developed rapidly, especially in nonpastoral regions. Frequent trading, allocation, and transportation result in the introduction and prevalence of new pathogens. Several new viral pathogens (peste des petits ruminants virus, caprine parainfluenza virus type 3, border disease virus, enzootic nasal tumor virus, caprine herpesvirus 1, enterovirus) have been circulating and identified in China, which has attracted extensive attention from both farmers and researchers. During the last decade, studies examining the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, and vaccines for these emerging viruses have been conducted. In this review, we focus on the latest findings and research progress related to these newly identified viral pathogens in China, discuss the current situation and problems, and propose research directions and prevention strategies for different diseases in the future. Our aim is to provide comprehensive and valuable information for the prevention and control of these emerging viruses and highlight the importance of surveillance of emerging or re-emerging viruses.

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“…At necropsy, the tumors may be bilateral or more commonly unilateral. Gross evaluation, cytology, histopathology, PCR, and transmission electron microscopy are helpful for the diagnosis of ENA (8)(9)(10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiography, CT, and MRI Diagnosis of Enzootic Nasal Tumor in Goats Infected With Enzootic Nasal Tumor Virus

Guo

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The aim of this study was to describe radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of enzootic nasal tumors in goats infected with enzootic nasal tumor viruses. Five of six goats with a mean age of 2 years, showed clinical signs of respiratory disease. Head radiographs showed increased density of the unilateral or bilateral nasal cavity in four goats, and a CT scan showed that the space-occupying lesion of the nasal cavity originated from the ethmoid bone and was enhanced homogeneously postcontrast in all goats. The nasal concha was destroyed and the paranasal sinus mucosa was thickened and filled with fluid in some goats. On MRI, the mass exhibited equal or slightly higher signal intensity on T2 weighted images, equal signal intensity on T1 weighted images, a high signal on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images and heterogeneous enhancement postcontrast. After dissection, histopathological examination of the mass and virus genome detection of the nasal secretions confirmed that the intranasal mass was a low-grade adenocarcinoma and that the goats were infected with enzootic nasal tumor virus type 2. In conclusion, CT and MRI have high diagnostic values for enzootic nasal tumors because they match the postmortem findings and are more accurate than radiography.

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A Novel Enzootic Nasal Tumor Virus Circulating in Goats from Southern China

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Neoplasia-Associated Wasting Diseases with Economic Relevance in the Sheep Industry

Neoplasia-Associated Wasting Diseases with Economic Relevance in the Sheep Industry

Research Progress on Emerging Viral Pathogens of Small Ruminants in China during the Last Decade

Radiography, CT, and MRI Diagnosis of Enzootic Nasal Tumor in Goats Infected With Enzootic Nasal Tumor Virus

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