A Novel Enzymatic Glucose Biosensor and Nonenzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor Based on (3‐Aminopropyl) Triethoxysilane Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide

Abstract

In the present study, a novel enzymatic glucose biosensor using glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized into (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rGO‐APTES) and hydrogen peroxide sensor based on rGO‐APTES modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode were fabricated. Nafion (Nf) was used as a protective membrane. For the characterization of the composites, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray powder diffractometer (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used. The electrochemical properties of the modified electrodes were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and amperometry. The resulting Nf/rGO‐APTES/GOx/GC and Nf/rGO‐APTES/GC composites showed good electrocatalytical activity toward glucose and H2O2, respectively. The Nf/rGO‐APTES/GC electrode exhibited a linear range of H2O2 concentration from 0.05 to 15.25 mM with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.017 mM and sensitivity of 124.87 μA mM−1 cm−2. The Nf/rGO‐APTES/GOx/GC electrode showed a linear range of glucose from 0.02 to 4.340 mM with a LOD of 9 μM and sensitivity of 75.26 μA mM−1 cm−2. Also, the sensor and biosensor had notable selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, and storage stability.

Advances in Biosensors for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Towards Wearables

“…It is often accurate and reliable, although care must be taken due to the numerous proteins and biomarkers present in the fluid. A device based on functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) uses PBS, then human blood serum samples to evaluate the effect of interfering molecules on the readings ( Qi et al, 2016 ; Guler et al, 2017 ). A sensitivity of 75.26 μA mM −1 cm −2 , a linear range of 0.02–4.340 mM and a detection limit of 9 μM shows a hopeful device for the detection of low concentrations of glucose using this device.…”

Hydrogen Peroxide Sensors for Biomedical Applications

“…Amperometric sensors are common for H 2 O 2 detection systems, and many different methods, including hemoglobin adhered to gold nanoparticle hybrid microspheres [55], graphene/platinum nanoparticles on glassy carbon electrodes [61], nanoceria capped with hexamethylene-tetra-amine or fructose [13], and (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane functionalized reduced graphene oxide [62] have been used in biological systems. Some of the biomedical applications for the use of amperometric sensors include quantifying H 2 O 2 in disinfectants [63], determining the antioxidant activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles with rat cardiomyoblast cells (H9c2) [13], and the release of H 2 O 2 from rat adrenal medulla pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) [61].…”

A Highly Sensitive Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on Carbon Electrode Amplified with PdxCuy Catalyst

“…[2][3][4]. Because of the paramount importance and demand, a significant number of investigations based on enzymatic [5][6][7][8] sensing protocols have developed and commercialized, principally using the electrochemical oxidation procedure due to the possible advantages like high detection limit and sensitivity. But the procedure suffers from lack of enough selectivity due to interference effects [5].…”