A Novel Epidemic Model Base on Pulse Charging in Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks

Abstract

As wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) are gradually being widely accepted and recognized, the security issues of WRSNs have also become the focus of research discussion. In the existing WRSNs research, few people introduced the idea of pulse charging. Taking into account the utilization rate of nodes’ energy, this paper proposes a novel pulse infectious disease model (SIALS-P), which is composed of susceptible, infected, anti-malware and low-energy susceptible states under pulse charging, to deal with the security issues of WRSNs. In each periodic pulse point, some parts of low energy states (LS nodes, LI nodes) will be converted into the normal energy states (S nodes, I nodes) to control the number of susceptible nodes and infected nodes. This paper first analyzes the local stability of the SIALS-P model by Floquet theory. Then, a suitable comparison system is given by comparing theorem to analyze the stability of malware-free T-period solution and the persistence of malware transmission. Additionally, the optimal control of the proposed model is analyzed. Finally, the comparative simulation analysis regarding the proposed model, the non-charging model and the continuous charging model is given, and the effects of parameters on the basic reproduction number of the three models are shown. Meanwhile, the sensitivity of each parameter and the optimal control theory is further verified.

Attention-Shared Multi-Agent Actor–Critic-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach for Mobile Charging Dynamic Scheduling in Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks

“…In this section, we will conduct experiments to evaluate the performance of AMADRL-JSSRC. The simulations are divided into two phases: (1) the training phase of AMADRL-JSSRC and (2) the testing phase for a comparative study with baseline algorithms. The experiment setting and training details are described in Section 4.1.…”

“…Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been widely applied in target tracking, environment monitoring, intelligent medical and military monitoring, etc. [ 1 , 2 ], which have advantages including fast construction, self-organization, fault tolerance, and low-cost deployment [ 3 ]. Meanwhile, WSNs are usually composed of a large scale of sensors deployed in an area.…”

“…There are plenty of works that have been presented to design the mobile charging schemes on WRSN. According to whether MC carries the determined charging scheme before starting from the base station, the existing works can be divided into two categories [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]: (1) offline methods [7][8][9][10][11][12] and (2) online methods [6,[13][14][15][16]. In offline methods, before starting from the base station, MC will formulate a transparent charging scheme according to the status of sensors, including accurate location, fixed energy consumption rate, regular information transmission rate, etc.…”

Analysis and Control of Malware Mutation Model in Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Network with Charging Delay

“…Li et al [26] proposed an energyefficient patching strategy to solve the problems of virus attacks and energy constraints. Liu et al [27,28] considered the impact of pulse charging and charging delay on the system. Keshri et al [29] proposed an SEIR model with two time delays (including the period exposed and the period of temporary immunity).…”