“…Placing eddy current displacement (ECD) sensors against the inside or outside of the rotor is a standard method to measure the radial displacement of a BELSM rotor for CBP in liquids, as shown in Figs. 2 (a) and (b) [13][14][15][16][17], where light penetration for laser displacement measurement is challenging. The ECD sensors are required to face the high roundness, the nonsalient, and the no-tooth side surface of the rotor to detect the radial displacement of the rotor, and the side surface is referred to as a sensor target.…”