A novel glycoside hydrolase 74 xyloglucanase CvGH74A is a virulence factor in Coniella vitis

The Role of Glycoside Hydrolases in Phytopathogenic Fungi and Oomycetes Virulence

“…It was reported that XEG belonging to the GH74 family acts as a virulence factor, which plays a significant role in the pathogenicity of Coniella vitis, the causal agent of grape white rot disease in China. The results of a recent study indicated the high level of hydrolytic activities of both xylanase and XEG in C. vitis during infection, while the deletion of XEGcoding gene CvGH74A decreased disease development suggesting a key role of XEG in the pathogenicity of the fungus (Table 1) [28].…”

“…In recent years, the roles of CWDEs belonging to several GH families have been proved in invasion, pathogenicity or virulence of fungi and oomycetes on the plant host, but the exact mechanisms are still poorly understood [20][21][22][23][24]. Several studies indicated that pectinases [25], xylanases [26,27], xyloglucanases (XEGs) [28], cellulases [29][30][31], and chitinases [32], were related to pathogenicity of fungi. Pectate lyases were the first CWDE that were shown to be required for the full pathogenicity of Erwinia chrysanthemi causing the bacterial stem and root rot disease [33].…”

“…Pectate lyases were the first CWDE that were shown to be required for the full pathogenicity of Erwinia chrysanthemi causing the bacterial stem and root rot disease [33]. Since then, the role of many CWDEs in the virulence of various fungal pathogens has also been reported [28,30,31,34] (Figure 2). The role of pectate lyases as a virulence factor in the pathogenic fungi, Colletotrichum coccodes (a pathogen of potato and tomato), and Verticillium dahliae (a soil-borne fungus), has been well-described [35,36].…”

“…Xyloglucanases (XEG) are one of the CWDEs that specifically break down xyloglucan, a major hemicellulosic component of the plant cell wall consisting of β-1,4-glucan linkages. They are found in bacteria, plants, and fungi and they mostly belong to GH12, GH74, and GH5 in the CAZY database [28,86,87]. To date, most of the xyloglucanases that have been studied in fungi belong to family GH12 and GH74 [20,28].…”

“…They are found in bacteria, plants, and fungi and they mostly belong to GH12, GH74, and GH5 in the CAZY database [28,86,87]. To date, most of the xyloglucanases that have been studied in fungi belong to family GH12 and GH74 [20,28]. The structures of XEG enzymes in Clostridium thermocellum and Aspergillus niger have been well characterized [88,89].…”