A Novel Graphene-Based Electro-Optical Modulator Using Modulation Instability

Sharif, Morteza A.; Ghafary, Bijan; Ara, M.H. Majles

doi:10.1109/lpt.2016.2624562

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…We have investigated the conductivities σ (2n+1)ω,ω (ωτ, F τ ) as functions of the frequency parameter ωτ and of the external electric field parameter F τ , Eq. (45). We have shown that, while at low fields, at F τ < ∼ 1, the higher harmonics amplitudes fall down very strongly with the harmonics number n (proportional to F n τ ), at higher fields, F τ > ∼ 1, the higher harmonics have much larger relative amplitudes ∝ 1/n.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Nonperturbative quasiclassical theory of the nonlinear electrodynamic response of graphene

Mikhaǐlov

2017

Phys. Rev. B

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An electromagnetic response of a single graphene layer to a uniform, arbitrarily strong electric field E(t) is calculated by solving the kinetic Boltzmann equation within the relaxation-time approximation. The theory is valid at low (microwave, terahertz, infrared) frequencies satisfying the conditionhω < ∼ 2EF , where EF is the Fermi energy. We investigate the saturable absorption and higher harmonics generation effects, as well as the transmission, reflection and absorption of radiation incident on the graphene layer, as a function of the frequency and power of the incident radiation and of the ratio of the radiative to scattering damping rates. We show that the optical bistability effect, predicted in Phys. Rev. B 90, 125425 (2014) on the basis of a perturbative approach, disappears when the problem is solved exactly. We show that, under the action of a highpower radiation ( > ∼ 100 kW/cm 2 ) both the reflection and absorption coefficients strongly decrease and the layer becomes transparent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Nonperturbative quasiclassical theory of the nonlinear electrodynamic response of graphene

Mikhaǐlov

2017

Phys. Rev. B

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“…It was predicted 4 in 2007 that, due to the linear energy dispersion of graphene quasi-particles, this material should demonstrate a strongly nonlinear electrodynamic response. This prediction was confirmed in a number of experiments, in which the higher harmonics generation [5][6][7][8][9] , four-wave mixing [10][11][12][13] , saturable absorption [14][15][16][17][18][19] , the Kerr effect [20][21][22][23][24][25] and other nonlinear phenomena [26][27][28][29][30] in graphene have been observed. Theoretically, the higher harmonics generation [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] , nonlinear plasma-wave related effects [41][42][43][44][45][46][47] , nonlinear cyclotron resonance 48,49 , and saturable absorption 50 have been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Optical Kerr effect in graphene: Theoretical analysis of the optical heterodyne detection technique

Savostianova

Mikhaǐlov

2018

Phys. Rev. B

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Graphene is an atomically thin two-dimensional material demonstrating strong optical nonlinearities including harmonics generation, four-wave mixing, Kerr, and other nonlinear effects. In this paper we theoretically analyze the optical heterodyne detection (OHD) technique of measuring the optical Kerr effect (OKE) in two-dimensional crystals and show how to relate the quantities measured in such experiments with components of the third-order conductivity tensor σ (3) αβγδ (ω1, ω2, ω3) of the two-dimensional crystal. Using results of a recently developed quantum theory of the third-order nonlinear electrodynamic response of graphene, we analyze the frequency, charge carrier density, temperature, and other dependencies of the OHD-OKE response of this material. We compare our results with a recent OHD-OKE experiment in graphene and find good agreement between the theory and experiment.

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“…It appears through a quasi-periodic state (convective MI) and then progresses within a growing amplitude (absolute MI), a prior state to the chaotic regime [3][4][5][6][7]. MI seems to be undesirable but can on the other hand be useful for applications in supercontinuum generation [8][9][10], sideband generation [11], frequency comb generation [12][13][14] and optical modulation [15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-Optical Graphene-Based Modulation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons via Modulation Instability for Secure Optical Communication

Sharif

2020

IJOP

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In this paper, an all optical graphene-based modulation approach is proposed induced by Modulation Instability (MI). The device structure is based on graphene sheets transferred on the both arms of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to support amplified Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPPs). Due to the nonlinear nature of MI to interfere in the modulation process, the proposed approach leads to an enhanced performance in comparison to the conventional Mach-Zehnder modulators; using a low power cw driving beam (~20 µW at λ=50 µm), a high speed modulation rate (~2 Tpps) and subsequently, a high depth (89%), wideband modulation (~81 GHz) can be resulted. Since the MI is a pre-state to the chaotic regime, the modulator can be also used for secure optical communication.

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A Novel Graphene-Based Electro-Optical Modulator Using Modulation Instability

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Nonperturbative quasiclassical theory of the nonlinear electrodynamic response of graphene

Nonperturbative quasiclassical theory of the nonlinear electrodynamic response of graphene

Optical Kerr effect in graphene: Theoretical analysis of the optical heterodyne detection technique

All-Optical Graphene-Based Modulation of Surface Plasmon Polaritons via Modulation Instability for Secure Optical Communication

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