“…O XIDE photoluminescence materials are of great importance in modern photonic technology because of a great diversity of available phosphors with different compositions and spectroscopic properties, high operation durability, and emission efficiency, and a pronounced chemical stability in the air environment. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Upconversion (UC) photoluminescence particles, as a new generation fluorecence materials, have a strong ability to convert the near-infrared radiation with low energy into the visible radiation with higher energy via a nonlinear optical process. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Recently, lanthanide (Ln)-doped UC particles were found to be useful for a wide range of biomedical applications such as biodetection, cancer therapy, biolabeling, fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance image, and drug delivery.…”