“…Hazama, Iima, Karuno and Mishima, Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems, and Manufacturing, Vol.15, No.6 (2021) (Cuadra et al, 2016), and they are often used for not only the grouping problems but also many others. Mutations include Elimination (Ramos-Figueroa et al, 2020;Ozcan et al, 2016;Moghaddam et al, 2015), Merge and split (Tucker et al, 2005), Swap (Mutingi and Mbohwa, 2014;Mutingi and Onwubolu, 2012), Insertion (Mutingi and Mbohwa, 2014;Cuadra et al, 2016;Chen et al, 2019), and Item elimination (Rossi et al, 2010).…”