A Novel Heterozygous Variant in F2 Gene in a Chinese Patient With Coronary Thrombosis and Acute Myocardial Infarction Leads to Antithrombin Resistance

Abstract

Thrombophilia refers to a group of conditions where the blood clots more easily than normal. These blood clots can cause problems such as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Most kinds of mutated coagulation factors II (F2) exhibit lower procoagulant activity, but in some cases, a higher coagulation rate has been observed. The underlying mechanism is that those variations can prevent F2s from being inhibited by antithrombin, leading to a contiguous activation of procoagulation, and causing recurrent thromboembolism. In this study, a patient was admitted to our hospital due to repeated chest pain for 2 days and aggravated for 4 h. A medical history investigation showed that he had three deep venous thromboses in the lower limbs and one portal vein thrombosis events during the past 10 years. The electrocardiogram showed Q wave elevation and slight ST segment elevation in lead V2, and coronary angiogram showed a total occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. Laboratory testing found that troponin I was obviously elevated. Family history also indicated that both his father (II-3) and grandfather (I-1) died from pulmonary thromboembolism. Whole-exome sequencing was performed to detect the genetic lesion of the patient, and a novel mutation (c.1621 C>T/p.R541W) of F2 was identified in the patient. This novel mutation resulted in a substitution of arginine by tryptophan, leading to antithrombin resistance (ATR). Our study is consistent with previously published papers. In conclusion, this study not only identifies a novel mutation of F2 and will contribute to the genetic diagnosis and counseling of families with thrombosis but also suggests that the site p.R541 of F2 may play a crucial role in thrombosis.

The Association of Different Genetic Variants with the Development of Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy

“…Some genes are more interesting in this regard, such as six SNPs (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) in the genes F2: rs1799963, F5: rs6025, F7: rs6046, NOS2: rs1137933, and PAI2: rs6103 [3]. The genes F2, F5, and F7 code for proteins involved in blood clotting [4][5][6][7]; MTHFR is a gene that plays a significant role in processing amino acids [8], and NOS2, PAI 2 are genes involved in the regulation of various physiological processes such as the relaxation of smooth muscle, regulation of central blood pressure, vasodilatation, and synaptic plasticity [9,10]. Their mutations lead to impaired functions of the enzymes that regulate the above-mentioned processes, and consequently to disorders in the regulation of the blood clotting system, blood pressure regulation, and intracranial hemorrhage and are associated with the development and severity of HIE [11].…”

Genetic Analysis of a Pedigree With Antithrombin and Prothrombin Compound Mutations and Antithrombin Heterozygotes

“…FII is an allosteric enzyme regulated by sodium binding, controlled by five amino acid residues (Thr540, Arg541, Glu592, Arg596, and Lys599). Mutations in these residues may prevent FII from being inhibited by antithrombin, leading to continuous activation of FII, prone to thrombotic events ( Tang et al, 2020 ). FII is synthesized by hepatocytes into a single polypeptide precursor composed of 622 amino acids.…”