A Novel Immune-Related Competing Endogenous RNA Network Predicts Prognosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically, biologically and clinically heterogeneous hematopoietic malignancy that is highly dependent on the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Infiltrated immune cells and stromal cells are an important part of the BM microenvironment and significantly affect the progression of AML. Recently, the competing endogenous RNA hypothesis has gained great interests in the study of molecular and biological mechanisms of tumor occurrence and progression. However, research on how competing endogenous RNA relates to leukemia tumor microenvironment remains uninvestigated. Methods: In this study, mRNA, miRNA and lncRNA data and clinical information of the AML cohort were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the immune and stromal scores were calculated using the ESTIMATE algorithm. Results: We found that immune scores were significantly correlated with cytogenetic risk and overall survival, and also identified microenvironment-related mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs based on the immune and stromal scores. Differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs were applied to weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) to identify the modules most relevant to the immune microenvironment of AML. Using miRNA database to predict miRNA-targeted genes, we established the immune-related competing endogenous RNA network consisting of 33 lncRNAs, 21 miRNAs and 135 mRNAs. Prognostic analysis was performed on the genes in the immune-related competing endogenous RNA network to screen out 15 lncRNAs, 2 miRNAs and 31 mRNAs with prognostic values. Conclusion: In summary, we identified a novel immune-related mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA competing endogenous RNA network associated with the prognosis of AML, which may contribute to better understanding of the development and progression of AML and to serve as novel therapeutic targets.

Identification of the KCNQ1OT1/ miR-378a-3p/ RBMS1 Axis as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker Associated With Immune Cell Infiltration in Gastric Cancer

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“…Multiple signaling pathways, especially immunerelated processes, were found to be significantly enriched in the high-risk group. Previously, a variety of genes signatures associated with tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy response for pediatric or adult AML patients were established (29)(30)(31)(32)(33), and studies have reported on potential clinical benefits of immunotherapy against AML, including targeting CD33, CD123, and several immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (4,34). In this study, we found high immune cell infiltrations and immune-related function activations in high-risk AML patients.…”

The Multi-Omic Prognostic Model of Oxidative Stress-Related Genes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

“…Most previous therapies only target tumor cells, and rarely focus on the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, an in-depth study on the leukemia microenvironment may help to further understand the pathogenesis of leukemia and to seek new targets for microenvironment therapy ( Wang et al, 2020 ).…”