A novel immunosensor for the monitoring of PSA using binding of biotinylated antibody to the prostate specific antigen based on nano-ink modified flexible paper substrate: efficient method for diagnosis of cancer using biosensing technology

Abstract

Prostate cancer is the most significant reason for deaths in men, outside of lung cancer. The clinical examination of cancer proteins or biomarkers is extremely significant in early examination and monitoring of recurrence of disease after treatment. Biomarkers have expanded great clinical significance owing to their extensive spectra in the identification, elimination, early diagnosis and cure of cancer. In this work, novel, ultrasensitive sandwich-type portable bio device based on citrate-capped silver nanoparticles (Citrate-AgNPs) modified graphene quantum dots (GQDs) nano ink for detection of Prostate specific antigen (PSA) was fabricated. Functionalized cysteamine with gold nanoparticles (Cys-AuNPs) was also utilized to amplify the signal. It provides a good and high external area for the immobilization biotinylated antibody of PSA in the large amount. For the first time, citrate-AgNPs-GQDs nano ink was directly written on the cellulose paper surface (ivory sheet and photographic paper) and modified by Cys-AuNPs. So, final structure of the immunodevices was completed after including of Ab1 and PSA (antigen). The immunosensors were used for the recognition of PSA by using DPVs (differential pulse voltammetry) technique. The obtained low limit of quantification (LLOQ) of the first immunodevice (ivory sheet/Citrate AgNPs-GQDs nano-ink/CysA-Au NPs/Ab1/BSA/PSA/Ab2) was 0.07 μg/L and the linear range for the calibration plot was from 0.07 to 60 μg/L. Also, the achieved LLOQ of the second immunodevice (photographic paper/Citrate AgNPs-GQDs nano-ink/Cys-Au NPs/Ab1/BSA/PSA/Ab2) was 0.05 μg/L with the linear range of 10 to 0.05 μg/L. It is noteworthy that, proposed immunoassay was effectively utilized to the monitoring of PSA glycoprotein in unprocessed human plasma sample. Obtained results show that the constructed immunosensor is able to apply as portable bio device for the clinical analysis of PSA in human plasma samples.

An Innovative Immunoanalysis Strategy towards Sensitive Recognition of PSA Biomarker in Human Plasma Samples Using Flexible and Portable Paper Based Biosensor: A New Platform towards POC Detection of Cancer Biomarkers Using Integration of Pen-on Paper Technology with Immunoassays Methods

“…18,19 25 They provide an appropriate condition for immobilization of Ab against intended purpose analyte such as PSA biomarker. 20,21 After incubation of the antibody, the current increases to 547 μA which reveals a suitable appropriate substrate for the incubation of PSA antibody. Also, after immobilization of BSA and PSA, the current intensity increases to 625 μA, which shows the successful hybridization of the antigen-antibody complex.…”

Biocompatible Osmium Telluride-Polypyrrole Nanocomposite Material: Application in Prostate Specific Antigen Immunosensing

“…Lastly, Figure 5A line (d) shows the presence of PSA in a solution mixture of BSA and antibody which caused an increase in the absorbance band at 262 nm. The increase is caused by interactions among charged amino groups (NH 2 ) of PSA and amino acids arising from BSA-Ab [46].…”

Trifluralin recognition using touch‐based fingertip: Application of wearable glove‐based sensor toward environmental pollution and human health control

“…AgNPs have excellent stability and conductivity, which make Ag inks one of the great options in glove-based biosensors. [28][29][30] In this research work, a novel glove-based electrochemical biosensor developed to detect trifluralin. A three-electrode system was designed by using synthesized conductive Ag-nano-ink on gloves.…”