A novel in-situ technique of ultra purification of cadmium for electronic applications

Ali, Shahid; Reddy, Raghu C.; Munirathnam, N. R.; Sudheer, Ch.; Anil, G.; Prakash, T. L.

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2006.05.012

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The results analysed using ICPOES were taken only to establish the effectiveness of purification process for specific impurities in case of oxide layer formation on cadmium. However, detailed results on cadmium purification on similar experiments were published elsewhere from this laboratory (Munirathnam et al 2005;Ali et al 2006Ali et al , 2007. The cadmium distillates from the 1st and 2nd stages of vacuum distillation in presence and absence of oxide layer were analysed by GDMS at the National Research council (NRC), Canada.…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Analysismentioning

confidence: 79%

Purification of cadmium by selective volatilization in vacuum in presence of oxide phase on its melt

2012

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Purification of cadmium in the presence of a thin (∼0•001 mm) oxide layer on the surface of the molten metal was carried out using a simple system designed and fabricated locally. The analytical results revealed that the distillation through oxide layer gave better separation for Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Sn, Hg and Tl, when compared to the distillation without oxide layer. This was attributed due to the impurity metal oxide phases formation on the surface of the molten metal. The influence of oxygen flow time on the distillation rate of cadmium was established. There was no excess oxygen (O) retained in the distillate after two consecutive vacuum distillations through oxide route. The experiments were conducted at the level of nearly 1•5 kg a batch to study the impurities behaviour due to upscaling. The detailed chemical analysis of 58 impurity elements in Cd in presence and absence of oxide layer was carried out by glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS).

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Section: Sample Preparation and Analysismentioning

confidence: 79%

Purification of cadmium by selective volatilization in vacuum in presence of oxide phase on its melt

2012

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“…In many cases, more than one analytical method was used to determine analytes for a variety of purposes. In a report by Ali et al, 31 ICP-AES was used to determine at least 14 elements and GD-AES was used to determine C in high purity cadmium. Trace O was determined using an oxygen-nitrogen analyser.…”

Section: Non-ferrous Metals and Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ali et al reported a novel method for purifying cadmium to the extent that it can be used in electronic applications. 31 The purification system included both distillation and zone refining and was performed on 3N7 cadmium (99.97% pure). After a single distillation and 25 passes of zone refining, the cadmium purity increased to 99.9999%.…”

Section: Semiconductors Superconductors and Other Electronic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic spectrometry update. Industrial analysis: metals, chemicals and advanced materials

Charlton

Fisher

Goodall

et al. 2007

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…The most common of them is the chemical method which is an extracting mechanism of Cd ions using a cleaning agent (most often ferric chloride (III)) [5]. Another decontamination technique is a novel developed in-situ ultra purification method incorporating both 'distillation' and 'zone refining' using simple see-through quartz wares [6]. In the last years are intensively investigated mechanisms for environmental friendly remove of Cd ions by secondary products, utilized by different industries like dried plant biomass and fly ash zeolites [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing of sunflower seed husk through production of biochar and its application in systems for purification of water contaminated with cadmium

Zgureva-Filipova

Gosheva

Petrova

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The pollution of water streams is one of the most spread environmental problem whole the world due to its permanently increasing from one part, and the importance of water for the human health from the other. An approach for decontamination of polluted waters based on the ideology of the circular economy is investigated in this study. The wasted sunflower seed husks obtained during the cooking oil production were subjected to gasification process in pilot plant installation. Three biochar samples were obtained and characterized regarding main properties like carbon content, moisture, ash, volatile compounds, and specific surface area at different experimental conditions. For all samples was possessed high carbon content of 69-75 wt. % and well developed surface area of 262-321 m2/g. The biochar materials were subjected to experimental procedure for evaluation of their potential for adsorption of cadmium (Cd) ions from water solution with different concentration of the pollutant. The obtained reduction coefficient for all biochar samples reached up to 99.97 % for the initial concentration of Cd-ions from 1.1 mg/l to 562 mg/l. For the higher Cd concentrations in the range of 1124-11240 mg/l, the reduction decreased to 11-24 %. The highest adsorption capacity of 289.99 mg/g is obtained for the biochar sample subjected to gasification for 2 minutes.

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A novel in-situ technique of ultra purification of cadmium for electronic applications

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Purification of cadmium by selective volatilization in vacuum in presence of oxide phase on its melt

Purification of cadmium by selective volatilization in vacuum in presence of oxide phase on its melt

Atomic spectrometry update. Industrial analysis: metals, chemicals and advanced materials

Utilizing of sunflower seed husk through production of biochar and its application in systems for purification of water contaminated with cadmium

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