A novel industrial-scale strategy to prevent degradation and caking of ammonium nitrate

Gezerman, Ahmet Ozan

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03628

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…São exemplos destes agentes: os silicatos (Si x O y ), o ácido silícico (Si(OH) 4 ), o sulfato de sódio (Na 2 SO 4 ), os superfosfatos, a alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), a fucsina ácida, os sulfonatos orgânicos, os aldeídos, as cetonas e algumas ceras. 39,44 Contudo, a adição destes agentes químicos deve respeitar as compatibilidades químicas com o NA, assim como, as concentrações preconizadas pelos órgãos competentes, tanto para o NA como para os produtos formados a partir deste.…”

Section: Riscos De Explosãounclassified

Ammonium Nitrate: Good or Bad Guy?

Simplicio¹,

Santos²,

Campos³

et al. 2021

Rev. Virtual Quim.

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Ammonium nitrate (NA) is an inorganic salt that constitutes products used in common practices, such as application in fertilizers, odor control, production of explosive agents and production of propellants for rockets. Its physico-chemical properties demonstrate that it is a highly stable salt, which raises the question about its involvement in numerous explosive accidents recorded worldwide, the most recent being in August 2020 in the city Beirut-Lebanon. Thus, this review article gathers important information and necessary knowledge about this chemical agent, in order to avoid or minimize accidents that may involve NA. Therefore, information was addressed from the economic importance and main applications of NA to the risks and safety measures recommended for the operations of its transportation, storage and use. O nitrato de amônio (NA) é um sal inorgânico constituinte de vários produtos utilizados em práticas comuns, como a aplicação em fertilizantes, controle de odores, produção de agentes explosivos e produção de propelentes para foguetes. Suas propriedades físico-químicas demonstram se tratar de um sal de elevada estabilidade, o que desperta o questionamento sobre o seu envolvimento em inúmeros acidentes explosivos registrados em todo o mundo, sendo o mais recente o ocorrido em agosto de 2020 na cidade Beirute-Líbano. Dessa forma, o presente artigo de revisão reúne informações importantes e de conhecimento necessário acerca deste agente químico, a fim de evitar ou minimizar os acidentes que possam envolver o NA. Assim, foram abordadas informações desde a importância econômica e principais aplicações do NA até os riscos e as medidas de segurança recomendadas às operações de seu transporte, armazenamento e uso.

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Section: Riscos De Explosãounclassified

Ammonium Nitrate: Good or Bad Guy?

Simplicio¹,

Santos²,

Campos³

et al. 2021

Rev. Virtual Quim.

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“…Thus, these substances can also prevent the agglomeration of nitrate fertilizer granules. Recent studies show that the hygroscopicity of nitrate fertilizers can be minimized by introducing additives such as silicic acid, calcium lignosulfonate, and sodium silicate into the fertilizer granules at the granulation stage [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Caking Coatings for Improving the Useful Properties of Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizers with Composition Modeling Using Box–Behnken Design

et al. 2021

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Granular fertilizers (especially those based on ammonium nitrate (AN)) tend to agglomerate during storage. The aims of this research were to develop effective anti-caking coatings for ammonium nitrate fertilizers while improving the quality of fertilizers and to optimize the composition of effective anti-caking coatings. The influence of the composition of the prepared organic coatings on the effectiveness of preventing the caking of fertilizers was studied by response surface methodology (RSM) using Box–Behnken design (BBD). Additionally, the effect of the developed anti-caking agents on the quality of fertilizers was determined by measuring the crushing strength of the granules. The prepared coatings included fatty amine, stearic acid, surfactant, and paraffin wax. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to analyze these coatings. The morphology of the fertilizers were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Composition studies, based on statistical assessment, showed the coating components had a varying influence on preventing the caking of fertilizers after granulation and after 30 days of storage. The results demonstrated that increasing the content of fatty amines and reducing surfactant in the composition of coating had positive effects on caking prevention. In this study, more effective and economically viable anti-caking coatings were developed. In addition, the present work could serve as a basis to further improve anti-caking coatings.

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“…Caking tendency is investigated and controlled by 2021 -European Journal of Chemistry -CC BY NC -DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.12.3.273-278.2120 storage simulation tests such as small or big-bag storage tests [8]. According to European Fertilizer Manufacturers Association (EFMA) standards, the physical and chemical structure of fertilizer products should maintain and do not degrade in a two-year storage period [18]. However, these longterm observations are mostly not preferred due to their high cost, location occupation, and labor requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their hydrophobic nature allows efficient wettability of solid surfaces by water, and the ease in application makes them industrially valuable [17]. Alkyl sulfate groups such as sodium alkyl sulfate, potassium alkyl sulfate, mono/di, or triethanol ammonium alkyl sulfates have been reported to be effective in limiting the moisture absorption properties of fertilizers [18]. Amine groups and their derivatives having varied hydrophobic tails (C12-C22) also have good anti-hygroscopic performance [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Granular fertilizer caking: A research on the performance evaluation of coating agents

Avşar

Ulusal

2021

Eur J Chem

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Caking formation in fertilizer products during handling and storage is a frequently encountered problem. Caked fertilizers become together as lumps, lose their free- flowing properties, and create inefficient applications. Several parameters such as relative humidity and temperature of the environment, pressure by pile height, and physicochemical properties of fertilizer product such as moisture content, presence of fines and chemical composition, etc. cause or accelerate caking mechanism. Internal or external anticaking products have been proved to be effective in preventing the caking of fertilizer particles. Liquid or wax anticaking agents are applied externally as coatings on the fertilizer surface. This study focuses on the performance evaluation of commercially available liquid- wax anticaking agents coated on NP 20-20-0 fertilizer, classified as three main groups: petroleum-derived, alkyl amine-fatty acid containing mixtures and bio- based composition. Caking performance of coating products are evaluated via small-bag storage test in 4 sets, according to the results, petroleum derived and alkyl amine- fatty acid containing anticaking products show similar performance, whereas bio-based products’ performance is moderate. This study focuses on a practical approach that will help fertilizer industry about which type of coating product will be effective on the anticaking properties of nitrogenous fertilizers and gives brief results of the effect of commercially available products with various ranges of chemical composition on the caking process.

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A novel industrial-scale strategy to prevent degradation and caking of ammonium nitrate

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Ammonium Nitrate: Good or Bad Guy?

Ammonium Nitrate: Good or Bad Guy?

Anti-Caking Coatings for Improving the Useful Properties of Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizers with Composition Modeling Using Box–Behnken Design

Granular fertilizer caking: A research on the performance evaluation of coating agents

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