Abstract:ObjectiveTo prospectively evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel, second-generation telementoring interface (Connect TM ; Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) for the da Vinci robot.
Materials and MethodsRobotic surgery trainees were mentored during portions of robot-assisted prostatectomy and renal surgery cases. Cases were assigned as traditional in-room mentoring or remote mentoring using Connect. While viewing two-dimensional, real-time video of the surgical field, remote mentors delivered … Show more
“…4a). If proctors moved in two dimensions, which closely parallels the type of instruction from telestration on the touch screen or through da Vinci Connect [8], the z -direction excursions would not differ significantly from zero (or the x - and y -directions). Therefore, when given the ability to provide instruction to trainees in the same rich 3D environment, proctors consistently utilized 3D movements.Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In previous studies on both intra- and inter-hospital telementoring, we found that proctors frequently expressed a desire for 3D viewing and 3D telestration by the proctor [8, 9]. Thus, remote proctoring can be improved beyond 2D so that the trainee and proctor share a more similar view of the operative field.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Secondly, three-dimensional (3D), virtual pointers on an optional second console can be used by a proctor to point on a shared operative field [2, 6, 7]. Finally, da Vinci Connect™ enables remote proctoring from a laptop whereby the proctor can view the surgeon’s operative field and communicate through two-way audio and 2D telestration using her mouse [8]. …”
PurposeIn this study, we examine three-dimensional (3D) proctoring tools (i.e., semitransparent ghost tools overlaid on the surgeon’s field of view) on realistic surgical tasks. Additionally, we develop novel, quantitative measures of whether proctors exploit the additional capabilities offered by ghost tools.MethodsSeven proctor–trainee pairs completed realistic surgical tasks such as tissue dissection and suturing in a live porcine model using 3D ghost tools on the da Vinci Xi Surgical System. The usability and effectiveness of 3D ghost tools were evaluated using objective measures of proctor performance based on proctor hand movements and button presses, as well as post-study questionnaires.ResultsProctors exploited the capabilities of ghost tools, such as 3D hand movement (p < 0.001), wristedness (p < 0.001), finger pinch gestures (p < 0.001), and bimanual hand motions (p < 0.001). The median ghost tool excursion distances across proctors in the x-, y-, and z-directions were 57.6, 31.9, and 50.7, respectively. Proctors and trainees consistently evaluated the ghost tools as effective across multiple categories of mentoring. Trainees found ghost tools more helpful than proctors across all categories (p < 0.05).ConclusionsProctors exploit the augmented capabilities of 3D ghost tools during clinical-like training scenarios. Additionally, both proctors and trainees evaluated ghost tools as effective mentoring tools, thereby confirming previous studies on simple, inanimate tasks. Based on this preliminary work, advanced mentoring technologies, such as 3D ghost tools, stand to improve current telementoring and training technologies in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00345-016-1944-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…4a). If proctors moved in two dimensions, which closely parallels the type of instruction from telestration on the touch screen or through da Vinci Connect [8], the z -direction excursions would not differ significantly from zero (or the x - and y -directions). Therefore, when given the ability to provide instruction to trainees in the same rich 3D environment, proctors consistently utilized 3D movements.Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In previous studies on both intra- and inter-hospital telementoring, we found that proctors frequently expressed a desire for 3D viewing and 3D telestration by the proctor [8, 9]. Thus, remote proctoring can be improved beyond 2D so that the trainee and proctor share a more similar view of the operative field.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Secondly, three-dimensional (3D), virtual pointers on an optional second console can be used by a proctor to point on a shared operative field [2, 6, 7]. Finally, da Vinci Connect™ enables remote proctoring from a laptop whereby the proctor can view the surgeon’s operative field and communicate through two-way audio and 2D telestration using her mouse [8]. …”
PurposeIn this study, we examine three-dimensional (3D) proctoring tools (i.e., semitransparent ghost tools overlaid on the surgeon’s field of view) on realistic surgical tasks. Additionally, we develop novel, quantitative measures of whether proctors exploit the additional capabilities offered by ghost tools.MethodsSeven proctor–trainee pairs completed realistic surgical tasks such as tissue dissection and suturing in a live porcine model using 3D ghost tools on the da Vinci Xi Surgical System. The usability and effectiveness of 3D ghost tools were evaluated using objective measures of proctor performance based on proctor hand movements and button presses, as well as post-study questionnaires.ResultsProctors exploited the capabilities of ghost tools, such as 3D hand movement (p < 0.001), wristedness (p < 0.001), finger pinch gestures (p < 0.001), and bimanual hand motions (p < 0.001). The median ghost tool excursion distances across proctors in the x-, y-, and z-directions were 57.6, 31.9, and 50.7, respectively. Proctors and trainees consistently evaluated the ghost tools as effective across multiple categories of mentoring. Trainees found ghost tools more helpful than proctors across all categories (p < 0.05).ConclusionsProctors exploit the augmented capabilities of 3D ghost tools during clinical-like training scenarios. Additionally, both proctors and trainees evaluated ghost tools as effective mentoring tools, thereby confirming previous studies on simple, inanimate tasks. Based on this preliminary work, advanced mentoring technologies, such as 3D ghost tools, stand to improve current telementoring and training technologies in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00345-016-1944-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Background:Historically, operating room (OR) has always been considered as a stand-alone trusted platform for surgical education and training. However, concerns about financial constraints, quality control, and patient safety have urged the surgical educators to develop more cost-effective, surgical educational platforms that can be employed outside the OR. Furthermore, trained surgeons need to regularly update their surgical skills to keep abreast with the emerging surgical technologies. This research aimed to explore the value of currently available modern surgical tools that can be used outside the OR and also elaborates the existing laparoscopic surgical training programs in world-class centers across the globe with a view to formulate a blended and unified structured surgical training program.Materials and Methods:Several data sources were searched using MeSH terms “Laparoscopic surgery” and “Surgical training” and “Surgical curriculum” and “fundamentals of endoscopic surgery” and “fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery” and “Telementoring” and “Box trainer.” The eligibility criteria used in data extraction searched for original and review articles and by excluding the editorial articles, short communications, conference proceedings, personal view, and commentaries. Data synthesis and data analysis were done by reviewing the initially retrieved 211 articles. Irrelevant and duplicate and redundant articles were excluded from the study.Results:Finally, 12 articles were selected for this systematic review. Data results showed that a myriad of cutting-edge technical innovations have provided modern surgical training tools such as the simulation-based mechanical and virtual reality simulators, animal and cadaveric labs, telementoring, telerobotic-assisted surgery, and video games. Surgical simulators allow the trainees to acquire surgical skills in a tension-free environment without supervision or time constraints.Conclusion:The existing world-renowned surgical training centers employ various clusters of training tools that essentially endeavor to embed the acquisition of knowledge and technical skills. However, a unified training curriculum that may be accepted worldwide is currently not available.
“…The study published by Shin et al. in this issue of BJUI is a technical proof of concept study and is an important first step to realising the potential of robotic networks. The study describes the application of Connect on a local area network (LAN), which is a network that interconnects computers in a limited geographical area such as a hospital, whereas a wide access network (WAN) is a computer network spanning regions, countries or even the world.…”
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