A novel intumescent flame-retardant to inhibit the spontaneous combustion of coal

Yan, Bing-Rui; Hu, Xiangming; Cheng, Weimin; Zhao, Yanyun; Wang, Wei; Liang, Yuntao; Liu, Tongyu; Feng, Yue; Xue, Di

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120768

Cited by 41 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Lu et al made ME/RP composite flame retardant by simply mixing red phosphorus and melamine by mechanical grinding, which achieved excellent flame-retardant performance in polyurethane foam and had more advantages than using ME and RA alone [ 20 ]. Adding synergists is the easiest way to improve flame retardant efficiency by promoting the synergistic effect between the IFR components [ 21 ]. Commonly used flame-retardant synergists mainly include organosilicon compounds [ 22 ], red phosphorus and phosphorus compounds [ 23 ], zinc borate [ 24 ], metal oxides [ 25 ], layered nanomaterials [ 26 ], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Flame Retardant Properties of Polyoxymethylene with Surface Modified Intumescent Flame Retardant and Calcium Carbonate

Yang

Wang

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was successfully modified by a titanate coupling agent which was compounded with benzoxazine (BOZ) and melamine (ME) to become a new type of intumescent flame retardant (Ti-IFR). Ti-IFR and CaCO3 as synergists were utilized to modify polyoxymethylene (POM), and the flame-retardant properties and mechanism of the composites were analyzed by vertical combustion (UL-94), limiting oxygen index (LOI), TG-IR, and cone calorimeter (Cone), etc. The results show that Ti-IFR can enhance the gas phase flame retardant effect, while CaCO3 further strengthens the barrier effect in the condensed phase. When they were used together, they can exert their performance, respectively, at the same time showing excellent synergistic effect. The FR-POM composite with 29% Ti-IFR and 1% CaCO3 can pass the UL-94 V0 level. The LOI reaches 58.2%, the average heat release (Av HRR) is reduced by 81.1% and the total heat release (THR) is decreased by 35.3%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Flame Retardant Properties of Polyoxymethylene with Surface Modified Intumescent Flame Retardant and Calcium Carbonate

Yang

Wang

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“… 18 , 19 When the temperature reaches approximately 150 °C, the IFR decomposes to form a porous carbon foam layer, which plays a role in heat insulation and acts as an oxygen barrier. 20 Qi et al found that the addition of an intumescent flame retardant system effectively improved the flame retardancy and thermal stability of the inhibitor. 21 Bhoite et al used the IFR to treat expanded polystyrene beads to improve their fire resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IFR is a green and environmentally friendly flame retardant with many advantages such as being halogen-free, having low toxicity, and causing smoke suppression. IFR is widely used in plastics, rubber, coatings, and other fields. , When the temperature reaches approximately 150 °C, the IFR decomposes to form a porous carbon foam layer, which plays a role in heat insulation and acts as an oxygen barrier . Qi et al found that the addition of an intumescent flame retardant system effectively improved the flame retardancy and thermal stability of the inhibitor .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Performance Testing of an Intumescent Nanoinhibitor for Inhibiting Coal Spontaneous Combustion

et al. 2022

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Considering disadvantages such as the low thermal stability and environmental pollution of existing gel inhibitors, a green and stable intumescent nanoinhibitor (INI) was prepared and tested. First, polyacrylamide (PAM), nano-silica, and intumescent flame retardant (IFR) were selected as raw materials. The INI was prepared by nanoparticle modification and cross-linking polymerization. Then, the structure and physical properties of INI were tested by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and rheological experiments. Meanwhile, the inhibition performance of INI was studied through thermogravimetric analysis-Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR) analysis. The results suggest that the nanomodification improved the dispersibility of INI particles. The addition of modified nano-silica (MNS) and IFR enhances the strength of the reticular structure, thereby improving the transport convenience and covering ability of the INI gel. At high temperatures, IFR can generate a porous foamed carbon layer that further coats the coal. After INI inhibition treatment, the characteristic temperature and activation energy of coal were significantly improved, and the production of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide decreased. Hence, irrespective of physical properties, physical inhibition performance, or chemical inhibition performance, INI performed well. Research results can provide valuable references for the preparation and performance study of a coal spontaneous combustion inhibitor.

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“…Xi et al prepared a novel plugging material with cement, fly ash, graphene oxide, and other additives to prevent spontaneous combustion of coal by efficiently plugging the cracks in coal and rock mass. Yan et al proposed an intumescent flame retardant, which can show good inhibitory effects during all stages of coal oxidation. Wang et al selected inorganic salt such as magnesium chloride and calcium chloride to combine with free radical scavengers N , N -dibenzylhydroxylamine and 2,6-di- tert -butyl-4-methylphenol to form a composite inhibitor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire-Prevention Characteristics of an Active Colloid Prepared from Stimulated Fly Ash Component

Jie

Zhou

2022

ACS Omega

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In this paper, an active colloid (AC) with a three-dimensional network framework, prepared from stimulated fly ash (FA) component by an acid–base compound chemical method, was proposed for prevention of coal mine fire. During the stimulation process, the active substance in fly ash can be released and transformed into effective components for fire prevention. Research results show that Al3+, Fe3+, and Ti4+ from FA can serve as metal cross-linking agents to graft-copolymerize with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. Mg2+ and Ca2+ can be formed into halogenated salts that are encapsulated by composite colloids and cooperate with them to participate in fire prevention. The remaining fly ash solid particles served as an inert component can be fixed in the framework to encapsulate more water, improving the colloid’s strength and water retention. The content of the active component was measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopy to evaluate the stimulation effect of fly ash. The gel time, viscosity, water retention, and other performance parameters were determined for evaluation of physical characteristics. The fire-prevention performances of AC were also determined by the inhibition performance test, thermogravimetric analysis, and infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, the fire-prevention mechanism of AC was also explored. These results showed that the AC prepared from the stimulated fly ash component can greatly inhibit the spontaneous combustion of coal and can be chosen as a potential material for prevention of coal mine fire caused by spontaneous combustion of coal.

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A novel intumescent flame-retardant to inhibit the spontaneous combustion of coal

Cited by 41 publications

References 36 publications

Synergistic Flame Retardant Properties of Polyoxymethylene with Surface Modified Intumescent Flame Retardant and Calcium Carbonate

Synergistic Flame Retardant Properties of Polyoxymethylene with Surface Modified Intumescent Flame Retardant and Calcium Carbonate

Characterization and Performance Testing of an Intumescent Nanoinhibitor for Inhibiting Coal Spontaneous Combustion

Fire-Prevention Characteristics of an Active Colloid Prepared from Stimulated Fly Ash Component

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