A Novel Linear Sparse Array with Reconfigurable Pixel Antenna Elements

Abstract

In this paper, on the basis of multifunctional reconfigurable pixel antenna (RPA) elements, a novel linear sparse array with an attractive compound reconfigurability is presented. It has the potential advantages of its beam scanning with low gain fluctuation, low sidelobe in two orthogonal planes, and polarization reconfigurable performance. Specifically, an RPA with simultaneous polarization and pattern reconstruction capabilities, consisting of the driven patch and the parasitic pixels on the same layer of dielectric substrate, is firstly designed, which can work in several operation modes corresponding to steerable beam directions (θ � 0°; θxoz � 25°, 45°; θyoz � 15°) with two circular polarizations in X-band. Cross-slot coupling feed is used to improve polarization reconstruction capability and reduce the complexity of hybrid reconstruction topology optimization. en, those RPAs are integrated into the 1 × 8 linear sparse array to realize the reconfiguration of two circular polarizations and beam steering in xoz-and yoz-plane. Simulation results show that the gain fluctuation and sidelobe level of the array during beam scanning have significant advantages over the previous phased array, and the generation of antenna grating lobes is avoided. Moreover, both RPA element and RPA array prototypes have been fabricated and measured to testify the efficiency. e measured results agree well with the simulated ones, which indicates the application potential in the field of modern wireless communication system of the proposed linear sparse array.

A novel single-feed hybrid reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna for 5G mobile communication and radio frequency energy harvesting applications at 28/38GHz

“…The energy coupled to the transmitting built in test may be harvested and used to charge a battery. We can calculate the energy harvesting link budget by using Eqs (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26), [31], if the antennas are matched and there are no losses in the medium. However, if the antennas are not matched and the RF energy propagates in a loss media, we can calculate the energy harvesting link budget.…”

“…In the literature, there are several classical beam-steering approaches available: rotating dipole arms or rotating the antenna itself in the orthogonal plane, etc [16]. Phase-controlled array [17], parasitic-patch or stub-controlled antenna [18,19], pixel-based structure [20,21], multilayer or stacked configuration [22], CPW-to-slot-line transition [23,24], monopole or monocone radiator surrounded by a switchable reflector / director array [25], continued research on the nature of beam-steering antennas in various ways. Hybrid/Compound reconfiguration allows multiple antenna parameters, such as frequency and radiation pattern [26] or frequency and polarization [27], to be tuned simultaneously.…”

Effect of Beam-Steering Angle, Operation Wavelength and Mean Inter-Element Distance on the Side-Lobe Levels of Integrated Optical Phased Arrays under Beam-Steering Operation

“…Evolutionary computing has also been extensively studied. In [11,[19][20][21][22][23][24], the optimization is performed using genetic algorithms and in [25][26][27], different configurations of differential evolution are employed. However, most of these works are focused on optimizing the position of the elements without analyzing the effect of structural (number of elements and mean and minimum inter-element distances) and operational parameters (operating wavelength and beam-steering direction).…”

“…However, most of these works are focused on optimizing the position of the elements without analyzing the effect of structural (number of elements and mean and minimum inter-element distances) and operational parameters (operating wavelength and beam-steering direction). For instance, only [10,11,19,20,24] consider emission in out-of-broadside angles and only [11,14,16,19,20,25,27] include a minimum inter-element separation as an optimization constrain. This means that just [11] considers simultaneously beam-steering operation and minimum inter-element spacing.…”