A Novel Low-Cost Conductivity Based Soil Moisture Sensor

Parra, Mar; Parra, Lorena; Rocher, Javier; Lloret, Jaime; Mauri, Pedro V.; Lull, Cristina

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-36664-3_4

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These prototypes can be used as a tool for water source monitoring in the farm where the nitrate level should not exceed 10 mg/L. Meanwhile, M. Parra et al [31] presented a low-cost moisture sensor-based on inductive coils. They tested the inductive coils in different sorts of soils.…”

Section: Monitoring Parameters With Inductive Coilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Sensor Based on Magnetic Fields for Monitoring the Concentration of Organic Fertilisers in Fertigation Systems

et al. 2020

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In this paper, we test three prototypes with different characteristics for controlling the quantity of organic fertiliser in the agricultural irrigation system. We use 0.4 mm of copper diameter, distributing in different layers, maintaining the relation of 40 spires for powered coil and 80 for the induced coil. Moreover, we develop sensors with 8, 4, and 2 layers of copper. The coils are powered by a sine wave of 3.3 V peak to peak, and the other part is induced. To verify the functioning of this sensor, we perform several simulations with COMSOL Multiphysics to verify the magnetic field created around the powered coil, as well as the electric field, followed by a series of tests, using six samples between the 0 g/L and 20 g/L of organic fertiliser, and measure their conductivity. First, we find the working frequency doing a sweep for each prototype and four configurations. In this case, for all samples, making a sweep between 10 kHz and 300 kHz. We obtained that in prototype 1 (P1) (coil with 8 layers) the working frequency is around 100 kHz, in P2 (coil with 4 layers) around 110 kHz, and for P3 (coil with 2 layers) around 140 kHz. Then, we calibrate the prototypes measuring the six samples at four different configurations for each sensor to evaluate the possible variances. Likewise, the measures were taken in triplicate to reduce the possible errors. The obtained results show that the maximum difference of induced voltage between the lowest and the highest concentration is for the P2/configuration 4 with 1.84 V. Likewise, we have obtained an optimum correlation of 0.997. Then, we use the other three samples to verify the optimum functioning of the obtained calibrates. Moreover, the ANOVA simple procedure is applied to the data of all prototypes, in the working frequency of each configuration, to verify the significant difference between the values. The obtained results indicate that there is a significate difference between the average of concentration (g/L) and the induced voltage, and another with a level of 5% of significance Finally, we compare all of the tested prototypes and configurations, and have determined that prototype three with configuration 1 is the best device to be used as a fertiliser sensor in water.

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Section: Monitoring Parameters With Inductive Coilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Sensor Based on Magnetic Fields for Monitoring the Concentration of Organic Fertilisers in Fertigation Systems

et al. 2020

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“…In addition, the identification of local differences and the deployment of meteorological stations in specific points will increase the performance of the first indicator. In this context, the use of new technologies like Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), soil moisture sensors [30], or meteorological stations could help farmers make a more sustainable use of water resources. Furthermore, remote sensing indexes like RGB indexes or NDVI [31], whose use for efficient water management is extended, can be useful to ensure proper irrigation management.…”

Section: The Confusing Effect Of Etc and Irn On The Service Delivery Performance Indicatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Irrigation Efficiency with Performance Indicators: A Case Study of Citrus in the East of Spain

et al. 2020

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Improving water efficiency in farming systems is one of the major challenges of these decades. Water scarcity due to climate change, together with the increasing demand of food, is leading experts from around the world find appropriate indicators for water-use efficiency. In this paper we propose and test different indicators for service delivery performance, productive efficiency, and economic efficiency. Since the characteristics of the studied area and the citrus cropping system in the East of Spain are particular, we include in our analysis two other variables which are key to understanding the changes in the indicators: the obtained productivity, and the applied irrigation. The indicators and these two variables are tested with the information provided by farmers of citrus orchards belonging to an irrigation community from the East of Spain. The effect of different factors, such as cultivated varieties, type of farmer (professional or non-professional), or plantations’ size, are evaluated against the productivity and irrigation performance of the evaluated orchards. The effect of excess of irrigation on the indicators is also studied with the previous factors. Finally, an artificial intelligence system is used to predict productive efficiency of an orchard, based on the size and the water supply. Among the proposed indicators, the service delivery performance indicators came out to be the least useful and might provoke overirrigation due to the lack of accuracy of the data used for its calculation. The productive and economic efficiency indicators have been useful to illustrate the remarkable effect that excess of irrigation has on water efficiency, since a reduction of 66% of productive efficiency is found for some of the analysed varieties. On other cases, a reduction of 50% in economic efficiency is detected due to the excess of irrigation. Moreover, the excess of irrigation implied higher economic efficiency in only one of the evaluated varieties.

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Review of low-cost, off-grid, biodegradable in situ autonomous soil moisture sensing systems: Is there a perfect solution?

Maya Moreshwar Meshram,

Adla,

Jourdin

et al. 2024

Computers and Electronics in Agriculture

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A Novel Low-Cost Conductivity Based Soil Moisture Sensor

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

New Sensor Based on Magnetic Fields for Monitoring the Concentration of Organic Fertilisers in Fertigation Systems

New Sensor Based on Magnetic Fields for Monitoring the Concentration of Organic Fertilisers in Fertigation Systems

Evaluating Irrigation Efficiency with Performance Indicators: A Case Study of Citrus in the East of Spain

Review of low-cost, off-grid, biodegradable in situ autonomous soil moisture sensing systems: Is there a perfect solution?

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