The performance of the Photovoltaic (PV) system is highly affected by fluctuating climatic conditions. Due to these changing climatic conditions, the irradiance diminishes, and it results in the non-linearity in voltage-power (P-V) curves of the PV system. Therefore, it is one of the reasons for the occurrence of the multiple peaks on P-V curves instead of a single peak. Therefore, it is challenging to track the global maximum power point tracking (MPPT) under these circumstances with traditional MPPT techniques viz. perturb and observe (P&O) and fuzzy logic control (FLC). Concerning global MPP tracking, this paper proposes a novel MPPT method based on a Rao-1 optimization algorithm. The proposed algorithm is used to overcome the drawbacks of the classical P&O, FLC, and PSO based MPPT techniques under partical shading conditions (PSCs) and rapidly changing atmospheric conditions viz. slow convergence speed and oscillation around the MPP. The proposed MPPT tracks the global MPP under any abnormal conditions like PSCs. To show the efficiency of the proposed MPPT a comparative assessment is performed with well-established MPPT methods in the literature. The simulation results witnessed that the proposed MPPT is more superior in improving the PV system performance under normal as well as under PSCs. The proposed MPPT over the PSO technique decreases the tracking time by 72.7% for pattern 1, 29.8% for pattern 2, 66.7% for pattern 3, 61.9% for pattern 5, 27.8% for pattern 6, and improves the tracking efficiency in all shading patterns. K E Y W O R D S global maximum, maximum power point tracking, partial shading conditions, photovoltaic system, Rao-1 algorithm List of Symbols and Abbreviations: I d , diode current (A); I SLC , Sun light current (A); I SPVC , solar PV cell output current; V SPVC , solar PV cell voltage (V); R SH and R S , shunt and series resistance of PV cell (Ω); G, Sun irradiance (W/m 2 ); K t , Temperature coefficient; T r , Standard temperature (K); T c , Cell temperature (K); V t , Thermal voltage (V); I o , diode reverse saturation current; D, duty cycle; V out , Output voltage; V in , PV voltage as input to the converter; q, Charge of an electron;