Site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) has been a very important method to probe the function-structure relationship of proteins. In this study, we introduced an easy-to-use, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based SDM method for double-stranded plasmid DNA, with a designed restriction site to ensure simple and efficient mutant screening. The DNA sequence to be mutated was first translated into amino acid sequence and then the amino acid sequence was reversely translated into DNA sequence with degenerate codons, resulting in a large number of sequences with silent mutations, which contained various restriction endonuclease (RE) sites. Certain mutated sequence with an appropriate RE site was selected as the target DNA sequence for designing a pair of mutation primers to amplify the full-length plasmid via inverse PCR. The amplified product was 5′-phosphorylated, circularized, and transformed into an Escherichia coli host. The transformants were screened by digesting with the designed RE. This protocol uses only one pair of primers and only one PCR is conducted, without the need for hybridization with hazardous isotope for mutant screening or subcloning step. Site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) has a variety of applications and is extensively used in molecular biology. Over the last three decades, various SDM methods have been described (Nagy et al., 2004;Zheng et al., 2004;Seyfang and Jin, 2004;An et al., 2005;Wei et al., 2004;Jin et al., 2007;Heckman and Pease, 2007;Tseng et al., 2008;Li et al., 2008;Chapnik et al., 2008) and some commercial SDM kits based on these techniques are available. The SDM techniques can be grouped into two major categories: polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based and non-PCR-based. The PCR-based SDM methods are used more frequently than the non-PCR-based methods. Rabhi et al.(2004) have introduced an inverse PCR-based SDM method with forward and reverse primers to amplify the full-length plasmid. The blunt-ended amplification products are 5′-phosphorylated, self-ligated, and transformed into Escherichia coli. The design of this protocol is straightforward and the procedures are brief. However, hybridization has to be conducted for mutant screening because the difference between the original sequence and the target sequence is only one or a few base pairs, which makes the most common screening method, i.e., restriction digestion, not applicable. The laborious hybridization step with hazardous isotope deters researchers from adopting this simple mutagenesis method. Here we present a novel mutagenesis strategy, designed restriction endonuclease-assisted