A Novel Method for Continuous Online Glucose Monitoring in Humans: The Comparative Microdialysis Technique

Hoss, Udo; Kalatz, Brit; Gessler, Ralf; Pfleiderer, H.-J.; Andreis, Elisabeth; Rutschmann, Malte; Rinne, Helmut; Schoemaker, Michael; Haug, Cornelia; Fussgaenger, Rolf D.

doi:10.1089/152091501300209615

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…[340][341][342]345,347,349,356 A novel microdialyzer adds a constant glucose concentration to the perfusate and operates in a pulsatile flow mode, eliminating the need for calibration. 343 …”

Section: Systems With Subcutaneous Ultrafiltration and Microdialysis mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Glucose Sensors and Their Applications in Diabetes Management

2008

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About 6,000 peer reviewed articles have been published on electrochemical glucose assays and sensors, of which 700 were published in the 2005-2006 two-year period. Their number makes a full review of the literature, or even of the most recent advances, impossible. Nevertheless, this review should acquaint the reader with the fundamentals of the electrochemistry of glucose and provide a perspective of the evolution of the electrochemical glucose assays and monitors helping diabetic people, who constitute about 5% of the world's population. Because of the large number of diabetic people, no assay is performed more frequently than that of glucose. Most of these assays are electrochemical. The reader interested also in nonelectrochemical assays used in, or proposed for, the management of diabetes is referred to a 2007 review of Kondepati and Heise. 1 Adam Heller was born in 1933. Surviving the Holocaust, he arrived in Israel in 1945. He received his M.Sc. in Chemistry and Physics in 1957, then his PhD in Organic Chemistry in 1961 from Ernst David Bergman at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He postdoced at UC Berkeley (1962-3) and at Bell Laboratories . At GTE Labs (1964-1975 he built the first Nd 3+ liquid laser and, with J. J. Auborn, the still worldwide used Li/SOCl 2 battery. At Bell Labs (1975)(1976)(1977)(1978)(1979)(1980)(1981)(1982)(1983)(1984)(1985)(1986)(1987)(1988) he designed the first >10% efficient electrochemical solar cells and the first >10% efficient hydrogengenerating solar-powered photoelectrode. He also headed Bell Labs' Electronic Materials Research Department (1977)(1978)(1979)(1980)(1981)(1982)(1983)(1984)(1985)(1986)(1987)(1988), which developed part of the high density chip interconnection technology underlying the miniaturization of portable electronic devices. He was appointed to the Ernest Cockrell Sr. Chair in Engineering of the University of Texas at Austin in 1988, and in 2001 became one of UT's first Research Professors. At UT he pioneered the electrical wiring of enzymes. In 1996 he cofounded with his son Ephraim Heller TheraSense Inc., now part of Abbott Diabetes Care, to improve the lives of diabetic people. The company introduced in 2000 the blood sugar monitor FreeStyle, a thin-layer microcoulometer utilizing only 300 nL of blood, so little that it was, for the first time, painlessly obtained. In 2007 it provided for more than 1 billion painless glucose assays. After alleviating the pain of diabetes monitoring, FreeStyle Navigator, based on the electrical wiring of glucose oxidase, introduced in 2007 in Europe and Israel and in 2008 in the U.S., removed the worry of diabetic people by continuously monitoring their glucose levels. Heller aims his work at alleviating suffering through bioelectrochemistry.

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Section: Systems With Subcutaneous Ultrafiltration and Microdialysis mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Glucose Sensors and Their Applications in Diabetes Management

2008

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“…The signal patterns are shown in Figure 3. This system yields 5 glucose values per hour and a one point calibration in every measuring cycle (Hoss et al, 1998 a).…”

Section: Comparative Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in continuous glucose monitoring

Freckmann¹,

Kalatz²,

Pfeiffer³

et al. 2001

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes

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Continuous glucose monitoring, providing more detailed information on glucose excursions than single spot measurements, should help to improve the therapy in diabetic patients and is also required for feedback-controlled insulin delivery. At the Institute for Diabetes-Technology in Ulm, founded by EF Pfeiffer, a portable glucose sensor for continuous tissue glucose monitoring has been developed. The combination of microdialysis and enzymatic amperometric glucose measurement implemented in this device marked a break-through in achieving reliable and precise continuous tissue glucose monitoring. In several studies, we have demonstrated that continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring for up to 72 hours is feasible under 'in-house' and 'daily life' conditions in diabetic patients. The measured tissue glucose concentrations correlated closely to glucose control measurements in venous and capillary blood. A reliable continuous glucose monitoring device is a prerequisite for the development of an artificial pancreas. Our group developed an algorithm for subcutaneous application of the fast acting insulin analogon lispro. In experiments performed over 7 and 24 hours good metabolic control was achieved by algorithm-based insulin application. In addition, the algorithm was able to maintain acceptable metabolic control during and after moderate physical exercise. Further work is needed to optimize continuous tissue glucose monitoring systems and to develop a closed loop system for insulin application based on continuously measured tissue glucose concentrations.

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“…The comparative method does not require calibration [94]. Saline with glucose (5.5 mmol/l) is pumped through the probe in a stop‐flow mode.…”

Section: Prototype Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The comparative method was tested in six non‐diabetic and six Type 1 diabetes subjects over 24 h. Comparisons with capillary (control) and venous (Type 1 diabetes) blood glucose measurements gave a relative mean absolute error of 11–18%. Clarke error grid analysis gave 99% measurements in zone A and B [94]. The continuous flow technique has also been evaluated for up to 72 h against self‐monitored blood (free living conditions), venous blood and capillary blood (hospital setting) glucose, returning 96% measurements in zone A and B [93].…”

Section: Prototype Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous glucose monitoring and closed‐loop systems

2005

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The glucose monitor remains the main limiting factor in the development of a commercially viable closed-loop system, as presently available monitors fail to demonstrate satisfactory characteristics in terms of reliability and/or accuracy. Regulatory issues are the second limiting factor. Closed-loop systems are likely to be used first by health-care professionals in controlled environments such as intensive care units.

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A Novel Method for Continuous Online Glucose Monitoring in Humans: The Comparative Microdialysis Technique

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Electrochemical Glucose Sensors and Their Applications in Diabetes Management

Electrochemical Glucose Sensors and Their Applications in Diabetes Management

Recent advances in continuous glucose monitoring

Continuous glucose monitoring and closed‐loop systems

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