A Novel Method for Estimating Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Levels: Total Cholesterol and Non-High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Can Be Used to Predict Abnormal LDL Level in an Apparently Healthy Population

Zhang, Guoming; Bai, Shu-Mei; Ma, Xiaobo; Goyal, Hemant

doi:10.12659/msm.909226

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The optimal TC levels suggested differed from Zhang et al [19] which suggested an optimal threshold at 182.5 mg/dL for detection of the abnormal LDL-C level (LDL-C ≥ 130 mg/dl) in apparently healthy populations. However, the study by Zhang only had access to laboratory results and did not have access to past medical history and physical examination, which may not be generalizable to healthy populations or those with low cardiovascular risks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…While TC levels may not reflect the true risk of cardiovascular risk from dyslipidemia, however, implementation as a screening tool in low to medium income countries could help reduce the expense of screening and increase accessibility at a population level [19]. As previously stated, the price of TC test is two-times lower than price of LDL-C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the appropriate cut-off point for the younger population who may have low cardiovascular risk have not been examined extensively in the literature. A recent study suggests that a TC cut of point of between 200 and 240 may not be appropriate in identifying high LDL-C levels in apparently healthy people [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Appropriate Total cholesterol cut-offs for detection of abnormal LDL cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol among low cardiovascular risk population

et al. 2019

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BackgroundCurrent guidelines suggest screening for dyslipidemia in early adulthood. In Thailand, a screening total cholesterol level is most commonly used potentially due to the costs of the test. However, the appropriate TC cut-off point that correlates with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non-HDL-C) levels for the low cardiovascular risk younger population have not been examined extensively in the literature.MethodsThis study identified 1754 subjects with low cardiovascular risk. All participants had a physical examination and a venous blood sample sent for laboratory assessment of fasting blood glucose, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C levels. A non-HDL-C level for everyone was calculated by subtracting HDL-C levels from their total cholesterol levels. Sensitivity and specificity of different TC cutoff points in detection of abnormal LDL-C levels (≥ 130 mg/dL and ≥ 160 mg/dL) and abnormal non-HDL-C levels (≥ 160 mg/dL and ≥ 190 mg/dL) were calculated. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive utility of TC for the abnormal LDL-C and abnormal non-HDL-C levels.ResultsThe conventional range TC cut off point, between 200 to 240, had varying diagnostic properties for detection of elevated LDL-C and Non-HDL-C within this low risk population. A TC cut off point 210 would have a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 92.5% for detection of LDL-C ≥ 130 and a sensitivity of 96.7% and specificity of 85.6% for identifying those with Non-HDL-C ≥ 160. The TC cut off point of 230 had a sensitivity of 74.9% and specificity of 92.0% in identifying those with LDL-C ≥ 160 and a sensitivity of 98.6% and specificity of 89.8% in detection of non-HDL-C ≥ 190.ConclusionsEarly screening for dyslipidemia in young adults is suggested by many guidelines. This population is likely to be those with lower cardiovascular risk and may needed to have repeated screening over time. Screening using TC with appropriate a cut off points may be a more cost-effective screening test in settings with limited resources, coverage and accessibility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Appropriate Total cholesterol cut-offs for detection of abnormal LDL cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol among low cardiovascular risk population

et al. 2019

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“…Lipid parameters -High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Triglycerides and Total cholesterol (TC) were analyzed using the enzymatic method employed by the kits [14]. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated by the use of the Friedewald equation [15]. Fasting plasma glucose was determined using enzymatic oxidation in the presence of glucose oxidase, urea by the Urease-Berthelot method, uric acid by enzymatic colourimetric method and creatinine by the modified Jaffe Method [16,17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Syndrome and Its Association with Nutritional and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: Prevalence among Apparently Healthy Adults in a Rural Community in Southwestern Nigeria

Akande

Adeomi

Oke

et al. 2022

AJMAH

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Aim: The study assessed the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome among apparently healthy adults in rural settlements. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: Ejigbo, a rural settlement in Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria, between September and December 2019. Methodology: 271 apparently healthy individuals were recruited using a multistage sampling technique with the WHO STEPS Instrument questionnaire, level of significance set at P= 0.05. Results: The prevalences of overweight and obesity were 96 (35.4%) and 66 (24.4%) respectively. The prevalence of hypertension among respondents was 83 (30.6%). High plasma levels of Total Cholesterol 64 (23.6%), triglyceride 20 (7.4%), LDL-Cholesterol 28 (10.3%) and very high LDL-Cholesterol 31 (11.5%) were found among the respondents. While 72 (26.6%) of the respondents have a low level of HDL-Cholesterol. The prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance among the respondents was 34 (12.6%) when 45 (16.6%) had diabetic plasma glucose levels and 82 (30.3%) for metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Cardiometabolic risk factors were very high among rural dwellers, especially people without metabolic syndrome. Therefore, public awareness, about those risk factors, should be intensified. Routine medical check-ups and screening should be encouraged.

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“…Blood samples (10 ml) were collected from each individual following overnight fasting for 12 h. Serum was obtained by centrifugation at 8,000 x g for 15 min at 4˚C. Total serum levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were measured using a TBA2000FR biochemical analyzer (Toshiba Corporation) as described previously (30). Metabolism of Gd 2 O 3 -EPL was then determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS; Elan DRC II; PerkinElmer, Inc.) according to a previous study (31).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic efficacy of intravascular ultrasound combined with Gd2O3‑EPL contrast agent for patients with atherosclerosis

et al. 2020

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Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease that is pathologically associated with the growth of atherosclerotic plaques and vascular vulnerability. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has been used to evaluate and treat cardiovascular diseases. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that Gd 2 O 3-doped nanoparticles contrast can be applied for the diagnosis of human diseases. In the present study, eplerenone (EPL), a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, was first doped with Gd 2 O 3 nanoparticles (Gd 2 O 3-EPL), following which its diagnostic efficacy for use in IVUS measurements (Gd 2 O 3-EPL-IVUS) was evaluated for patients suspected with atherosclerosis. Gd 2 O 3-EPL-IVUS presented with higher accuracy and sensitivity compared with IVUS in diagnosing 188 patients with suspected atherosclerosis. Gd 2 O 3-EPL-IVUS exhibited stronger signals associated with plaque morphology compared with aloe IVUS for patients with atherosclerosis. In addition, Gd 2 O 3-EPL-IVUS application resulted in clearer arterial plaque images compared with IVUS by binding mineralocorticoid receptors. Atherosclerosis was subsequently confirmed in all patients using computerized tomography-coronary angiography. Gd 2 O 3-EPL-IVUS showed more accuracy in measuring vessel size, plaque burden and minimal lumen area compared with IVUS analysis alone. In conclusion, these outcomes suggest that Gd 2 O 3-EPL-IVUS is a reliable tool for the evaluation of coronary lesions in patients with atherosclerosis.

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A Novel Method for Estimating Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Levels: Total Cholesterol and Non-High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Can Be Used to Predict Abnormal LDL Level in an Apparently Healthy Population

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Appropriate Total cholesterol cut-offs for detection of abnormal LDL cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol among low cardiovascular risk population

Appropriate Total cholesterol cut-offs for detection of abnormal LDL cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol among low cardiovascular risk population

Metabolic Syndrome and Its Association with Nutritional and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: Prevalence among Apparently Healthy Adults in a Rural Community in Southwestern Nigeria

Diagnostic efficacy of intravascular ultrasound combined with Gd2O3‑EPL contrast agent for patients with atherosclerosis

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