Fungi
cells can sense extracellular signals via reception, transduction,
and response mechanisms, allowing them to communicate with their host
and adapt to their environment. They feature effective regulatory
protein expressions that enhance and regulate their response and adaptation
to various triggers such as stress, hormones, physical stimuli such
as light, and host factors. In our recent studies, we have shown that Pleurotus oyster fungi generate electrical potential impulses
in the form of spike events in response to their exposure to environmental,
mechanical, and chemical triggers, suggesting that the nature of stimuli
may be deduced from the fungal electrical responses. In this study,
we explored the communication protocols of fungi as reporters of human
chemical secretions such as hormones, addressing whether fungi can
sense human signals. We exposed Pleurotus oyster
fungi to hydrocortisone, which was directly applied to the surface
of a fungal-colonized hemp shavings substrate, and recorded the electrical
activity of the fungi. Hydrocortisone is a medicinal hormone replacement
that is similar to the natural stress hormone cortisol. Changes in
cortisol levels released by the body indicate the presence of disease
and can have a detrimental effect on physiological process regulation.
The response of fungi to hydrocortisone was also explored further
using X-rays to reveal changes in the fungi tissue, where receiving
hydrocortisone by the substrate can inhibit the flow of calcium and,
as a result, reduce its physiological changes. This research could
open the way for future studies on adaptive fungal wearables capable
of detecting human physiological states and biosensors built of living
fungi.