“…Examples of in-human use of MCA include the following: - Esophago-esophageal anastomoses of two disconnected esophageal ends in children with esophageal atresia [ 49 , 51 , 52 , 54 , 55 , 56 ];
- Gastroenteric or intestinal anastomoses to restore gastrointestinal (GI) tract continuity [ 35 , 42 ];
- Uretero-ileal anastomoses for urinary diversions in patients with neurogenic bladders [ 42 ];
- Colorectal anastomoses of disconnected colons and rectums in children with rectal atresia [ 41 ];
- Intestinal anastomoses for enteral bypasses/diversions with comparable weight loss and decrease in hemoglobin A1c, fasting blood glucose, and use of medications/insulin for diabetes [ 44 , 45 ];
- Stricturoplasties, or intraluminal resections of obstructing strictures, to restore GI tract continuity;
- Small bowel non-anastomotic strictures [ 63 ];
- Anastomotic strictures after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer [ 64 ], esophageal atresia repair [ 61 , 62 ], and colon resections for colorectal cancer [ 66 ];
- Bilioenteric (the bile duct to the small intestine) anastomotic ischemic strictures after liver transplant or a bile duct injury [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ].
…”