A novel method of inducing muscle cramps using repetitive magnetic stimulation

Caress, James B.; Bastings, E.; Hammond, Greg L.; Walker, Francis O.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(200001)23:1<126::aid-mus19>3.0.co;2-t

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The spontaneous nature of cramps and the absence of effective experimental methods to simulate muscle cramps in laboratory animals have hampered efforts to understand their pathophysiology (Caress et al, 2000). Current data indicate a peripheral origin, although the potential for central modification cannot be dismissed (Miller and Layzer, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antispasmodic effect of shakuyakukanzoto extract on experimental muscle cramps in vivo: Role of the active constituents of Glycyrrhizae radix

Lee

Omiya

Yuzurihara

et al. 2013

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antispasmodic effect of shakuyakukanzoto extract on experimental muscle cramps in vivo: Role of the active constituents of Glycyrrhizae radix

Lee

Omiya

Yuzurihara

et al. 2013

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The three main models for inducing cramps in a laboratory are through exercise,8 magnetic stimulation,3 and electrical stimulation 13. Exercise models are only 50% effective8 and are associated with confounding variables (e.g., hydration status, lactate accumulation, electrolyte imbalances) that create confusion as to whether the cramp was induced by exercise or these other variables.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exercise models are only 50% effective8 and are associated with confounding variables (e.g., hydration status, lactate accumulation, electrolyte imbalances) that create confusion as to whether the cramp was induced by exercise or these other variables. Magnetic stimulation is reliable3 but lacks precision regarding the focality of the magnetic stimulus 4, 11. Electrical stimulation is also highly reliable,13 but has been associated by some with extreme pain, possibly due to increased sensory nerve activation and higher current density 3.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain and soreness associated with a percutaneous electrical stimulation muscle cramping protocol

Miller

Knight

2007

Muscle and Nerve

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Muscle cramps are difficult to study scientifically because of their spontaneity and unpredictability. Various laboratory techniques to induce muscle cramps have been explored but the best technique for inducing cramps is unclear. Electrical stimulation appears to be the most reliable, but there is a perception that it is extremely painful. Data to support this perception are lacking. We hypothesized that electrical stimulation is a tolerable method of inducing cramps with few side effects. We measured cramp frequency (HZ), pain during electrical stimulation, and soreness before, at 5 s, and 30, 60, and 90 min after cramp induction using a 100-mm visual analog scale. Group 1 received tibial nerve stimulation on 5 consecutive days; Group 2 received it on alternate days for five total treatments. Pain and soreness were mild. The highest ratings occurred on Day 1 and decreased thereafter. Intersession reliability was high. Our study showed that electrical stimulation causes little pain or soreness and is a reliable method for inducing cramps.

show abstract

“…2 If a cramp failed to develop, the frequency was increased by 2 Hz and, after 1 min, the stimulus was applied again. 2 This method was continued until a cramp was induced as determined by subject feedback, visible flexion of the hallux, and increased EMG activity. Duration of EMG recording was 15 s and consisted of 1-s background EMG, 2-s stimulus, and 12-s poststimulus muscle activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%