A novel method to assess collagen architecture in skin

Osman, Osman S.; Selway, Joanne L.; Harikumar, Parvathy E.; Stocker, Claire J.; Wargent, Edward T.; Cawthorne, Michael A.; Jassim, Sabah; Langlands, Kenneth

doi:10.1186/1471-2105-14-260

Cited by 64 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The control patch shows the characteristic basket-weave arrangement thick fiber bundles. 47 Figure 12 right, corresponds to a sample from an expanded patch. Collagen fiber bundles are thinner and more disorganized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Incompatibility of Living Systems: Characterizing Growth-Induced Incompatibilities in Expanded Skin

et al. 2015

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Skin expansion is a common surgical technique to correct large cutaneous defects. Selecting a successful expansion protocol is solely based on the experience and personal preference of the operating surgeon. Skin expansion could be improved by predictive computational simulations. Towards this goal, we model skin expansion using the continuum framework of finite growth. This approach crucially relies on the concept of incompatible configurations. However, aside from the classical opening angle experiment, our current understanding of growth-induced incompatibilities remains rather vague. Here we visualize and characterize incompatibilities in living systems using skin expansion in a porcine model: We implanted and inflated two expanders, crescent, and spherical, and filled them to 225 cc throughout a period of 21 days. To quantify the residual strains developed during this period, we excised the expanded skin patches and subdivided them into smaller pieces. Skin growth averaged 1.17 times the original area for the spherical and 1.10 for the crescent expander, and displayed significant regional variations. When subdivided into smaller pieces, the grown skin patches retracted heterogeneously and confirmed the existence of incompatibilities. Understanding skin growth through mechanical stretch will allow surgeons to improve— and ultimately personalize—preoperative treatment planning in plastic and reconstructive surgery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Incompatibility of Living Systems: Characterizing Growth-Induced Incompatibilities in Expanded Skin

et al. 2015

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“…By applying image post-processing steps to the gathered image data (e.g. FT) and with the goal to derive orientation-specific information, the organization of the ultrastructure can be analysed [53,[55][56][57][58][59]. The imaging techniques typically have a considerably lower FOV than the orientation-specific techniques employing the same probe ( presented earlier).…”

Section: Imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These methods exhibit spatial resolutions that enable imaging of the ultrastructure of bone, where the ultrastructural elements (mineralized collagen fibrils or fibril bundles) can be visually identified. Quantification of the orientation and arrangement of the ultrastructure is performed by image post-processing of the acquired images, either through specialized orientationsensitive algorithms [53][54][55] or, most commonly, through two-dimensional (2D) or 3D Fourier transform (FT) [56], which allow the orientation and degree of orientation (DO) to be derived [57][58][59][60]. It should be noted that the indirect assessment of the organization of mineralized collagen fibrils by imaging techniques can lead to artefacts, which are discussed in the introduction of the respective subsection.…”

Section: Technique Categorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techniques to assess bone ultrastructure organization: orientation and arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils

Georgiadis

Müller

Schneider

2016

J. R. Soc. Interface.

113

100

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Bone's remarkable mechanical properties are a result of its hierarchical structure. The mineralized collagen fibrils, made up of collagen fibrils and crystal platelets, are bone's building blocks at an ultrastructural level. The organization of bone's ultrastructure with respect to the orientation and arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils has been the matter of numerous studies based on a variety of imaging techniques in the past decades. These techniques either exploit physical principles, such as polarization, diffraction or scattering to examine bone ultrastructure orientation and arrangement, or directly image the fibrils at the sub-micrometre scale. They make use of diverse probes such as visible light, X-rays and electrons at different scales, from centimetres down to nanometres. They allow imaging of bone sections or surfaces in two dimensions or investigating bone tissue truly in three dimensions, in vivo or ex vivo, and sometimes in combination with in situ mechanical experiments. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss this broad range of imaging techniques and the different modalities of their use, in order to discuss their advantages and limitations for the assessment of bone ultrastructure organization with respect to the orientation and arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils.

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“…Fibrillar collagen which can be found in abundance in human skin will be the focus of this review. In skin, collagen fibres constitute three-quarters of its dry weight [8,9]. There are several hierarchical levels involved in the formation of collagen (fig.…”

Section: Collagen Synthesis and Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of Stress-Responsive Changes in Collagen and Elastin Networks in Skin

Aziz

Shezali

Radzi

et al. 2016

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

5,042

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Collagen and elastin networks make up the majority of the extracellular matrix in many organs, such as the skin. The mechanisms which are involved in the maintenance of homeostatic equilibrium of these networks are numerous, involving the regulation of genetic expression, growth factor secretion, signalling pathways, secondary messaging systems, and ion channel activity. However, many factors are capable of disrupting these pathways, which leads to an imbalance of homeostatic equilibrium. Ultimately, this leads to changes in the physical nature of skin, both functionally and cosmetically. Although various factors have been identified, including carcinogenesis, ultraviolet exposure, and mechanical stretching of skin, it was discovered that many of them affect similar components of regulatory pathways, such as fibroblasts, lysyl oxidase, and fibronectin. Additionally, it was discovered that the various regulatory pathways intersect with each other at various stages instead of working independently of each other. This review paper proposes a model which elucidates how these molecular pathways intersect with one another, and how various internal and external factors can disrupt these pathways, ultimately leading to a disruption in collagen and elastin networks.

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A novel method to assess collagen architecture in skin

Cited by 64 publications

References 26 publications

The Incompatibility of Living Systems: Characterizing Growth-Induced Incompatibilities in Expanded Skin

The Incompatibility of Living Systems: Characterizing Growth-Induced Incompatibilities in Expanded Skin

Techniques to assess bone ultrastructure organization: orientation and arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils

Molecular Mechanisms of Stress-Responsive Changes in Collagen and Elastin Networks in Skin

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