Firstly I would like to acknowledge my supervisors, Prof. Alessandro Romagnoli in Nanyang Technological University (NTU) Singapore and Prof. Markus Kraft in Cambridge UK. Thanks to them for accepting me as PhD student and funding me for my study, without this all following stories would not exist. Prof Alessandro is a patient supervisor and mentor; he spent his time listening to my presentations, amending my papers, and improving my English. He has clear logic and good explanation ability, which are extremely helpful when I am lost in research. Prof Markus is equally indispensable for my achievements, lots of my research ideas are inspired by him. His erudite and sharp mind is an academic role model for me, it is also worth mentioning that he devoted a significant portion of his precious time to me, which makes me feel lucky. I would like to acknowledge my parents again here. My mother suffered from stroke during the second year of my PhD, we really had terrible days, but she is physically and mentally strong enough to let her fully recover now. Her determination in fighting against disease is a true family spirit that must be passed on to me. My father is a untalkative person but I know his love and support are always there when I need them. I greatly appreciate my girlfriend's company as well, her sunny attitude towards life lights me up during down times, I hope she enjoys the remaining of her PhD and finish smoothly.