A novel mice model of metabolic syndrome: the high-fat-high-fructose diet-fed ICR mice

Abstract

Currently, the metabolic syndrome (MS) is occurring at growing rates worldwide, raising extensive concerns on the mechanisms and therapeutic interventions for this disorder. Herein, we described a novel method of establishing MS model in rodents. Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were fed with high-fat-high-fructose (HFHF) diet or normal chow (NC) respectively for 12 weeks. Metabolic phenotypes were assessed by glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Blood pressure was measured by a tail-cuff system. At the end of the experiment, mice were sacrificed, and blood and tissues were harvested for subsequent analysis. Serum insulin levels were measured by ELISA, and lipid profiles were determined biochemically. The HFHF diet-fed ICR mice exhibited obvious characteristics of the components of MS, including obvious obesity, severe insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, dislipidemia, significant hypertension and hyperuricemia. Our data suggest that HFHF diet-fed ICR mice may be a robust and efficient animal model that could well mimic the basic pathogenesis of human MS.

Animal models of obesity in rodents. An integrative review

“…In diets with ratio of 40% to 60% of lipids, obesity induction occurred in all groups, regardless of the strains of rodents 6,[9][10][11][12]15,17,18,[22][23][24] . In experiments with diets containing 60% lipids, mice obtained in addition to weight gain and epididymal fat, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance 11,12,23 .…”

“…The main data found in these works were shown in Table 2. In the reports evaluated in our review, the use of rat in experiments 6,[8][9][10][14][15][16]21,22 and mice 7,[11][12][13][14]17,18,20,23,24 are identical.…”

“…Most of the selected works in this review used male animals, probably this preference may be related to own existing biological structure between the sexes [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] . Male have hormonal factors that are related to body growth, which reflected in higher body weight 23 .…”

Modified redox signaling in vasculature after chronic infusion of the insulin receptor antagonist, S961

“…While it is also useful for testing therapeutic avenues to overcome diabetic vascular dysfunction in rabbits, its usefulness in this respect may be limited in mice, at least over a four‐week protocol. There is scope to improve the model by combining it with another perturbation to induce vascular dysfunction, for example high fat diet, or even combined high fat/high fructose diet, which was recently found to induce insulin resistance and T2D‐associated hypertension . The major usefulness of S961 infusion in mice may be as a secondary model of T2D alongside another model, as it is increasingly apparent that multiple models of disease are needed to ensure greater chance of translation of promising preclinical findings into humans.…”

Comparative study of liver injury induced by high-fat methionine- and choline-deficient diet in ICR mice originating from three different sources

“…The ICR mice are outbreds that are non-consanguineous and heterogeneous, which brings them closer to representing natural populations. Currently, they are one of the most widely used experimental animals to study metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and NAFLD [32,33]. Originally they were derived from Swiss mice developed at the Rockefeller Institute and are now produced in large quantities by a number of worldwide breeders [34].…”