We
determine the activity of catalytic carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation
as a function of the size of gold nanoparticles (Au NP), their weight
loading, and their interfacial intimacy with similarly sized TiO2 NPs covalently bonded in an aerogel support. We use this
Au+TiO2 series to correlate mechanisms that influence catalytic
activity including hot electron injection and production, electron–hole
pair formation, oxygen vacancy content, and electronic metal–support
interaction (EMSI) stemming from photoinduced charge transfer from
TiO2 to Au. The Au weight loading varies from 1 and 8 wt
%, and Au NPs are either entrained within the oxide network of the
aerogel during sol–gel synthesis (AuIN–TiO2) or deposited on as-formed TiO2 aerogel (AuON/TiO2). Electron tomography reveals that AuIN–TiO2 exhibits greater metal||metal-oxide
intimacy than AuON/TiO2 at the same weight loading,
while increasing Au content (especially with AuON/TiO2) yields broader size distributions, larger Au NPs, and lower
Au||TiO2 intimacy. Comparing broadband photoactivity to
dark activity reveals that high Au||TiO2 intimacy and monodisperse
small (∼5 nm) Au NPs diminishes catalytic activity under broadband
illumination, while Au+TiO2 composites with high weight
loading, some large (>50 nm) Au NPs, and decreased Au||TiO2 intimacy enhance activity under broadband illumination.