A novel miniaturized pH potentiometric electrode based on a nano bismuth oxide film deposited on a fluorine doped nano tin oxide glass substrate

Recent advances in nanomaterial-based solid-contact ion-selective electrodes

“…30,[131][132][133] Transition metal nanoparticles were also developed as the sensing membrane or solid contact to improve the potential stability, reproducibility, response time, and lifetime due to large surface areas and multiple oxidation states. [134][135][136] Nanoporous metal materials have attracted considerable interest for the development of SC-ISEs due to their numerous interconnected nano-sized cavities that can provide a large area for ion interaction and adsorption. [137][138][139] For example, nanoporous gold film and platinum oxide were used widely as the solid contact in ISEs, which demonstrated high potential stability with a short response time.…”

“…30,131–133 Transition metal nanoparticles were also developed as the sensing membrane or solid contact to improve the potential stability, reproducibility, response time, and lifetime due to large surface areas and multiple oxidation states. 134–136…”

Effectively Reinforced α-Bi2O3 MPs/PDA-RGO Sensor for Selective Modality Sensing of a Hazardous Phenolic Compound

“…In recent years, various nanostructured materials such as metal oxides, carbon-based compounds, conducting polymers, and metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) has been developed for multiple nanotechnological applications such as energy devices, chemicals, and biosensors, due to their intrinsic physical−chemical properties. 15,16 Bismuth Oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ) is a class of transition-metal oxides, and it appropriately exhibits five different phase formations such as monoclinic (α), tetragonal (β), body-centered cubic (γ), face-centered cubic (δ), and triclinic (ε) phases. 17,18 The α-Bi 2 O 3 has superior physical−chemical properties such as earth abundance, low cost, low toxicity, wide energy band gap (∼2.8−3.96 eV), enlarged surface area, chemical−thermal stability, good oxygen-ion conductivity, sensitivity, and high refractive index, chemical inertness, and biocompatibility.…”

“…In recent years, various nanostructured materials such as metal oxides, carbon-based compounds, conducting polymers, and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has been developed for multiple nanotechnological applications such as energy devices, chemicals, and biosensors, due to their intrinsic physical–chemical properties. , Bismuth Oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ) is a class of transition-metal oxides, and it appropriately exhibits five different phase formations such as monoclinic (α), tetragonal (β), body-centered cubic (γ), face-centered cubic (δ), and triclinic (ε) phases. , The α-Bi 2 O 3 has superior physical–chemical properties such as earth abundance, low cost, low toxicity, wide energy band gap (∼2.8–3.96 eV), enlarged surface area, chemical–thermal stability, good oxygen-ion conductivity, sensitivity, and high refractive index, chemical inertness, and biocompatibility. , Due to these features, the α-Bi 2 O 3 has been widely applied in electrochemical sensors, photocatalysis, water splitting, oxidase reactions, optical thin films, fuel cells, and batteries. , However, because of the photogenerated recombination of the electron–hole pair, the electrocatalytic activity of Bi 2 O 3 MPs is comparatively low. In order to get around this, Bi 2 O 3 MPs significantly increased electrode stability when combined with other conductive materials, this resulted significant increased electrochemical sensing activity through synergistic effects …”